Structural and Stress Analysis - Textbook.pdf

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STRUCTURAL AND
STRESS ANALYSIS
Dr. T.
H. G.
MEGSON
Senior Lecturer in Civil Engineering
University
of
Leeds
OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI
a
Butterworth-Heinemann
Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford
OX2
8DP
225
Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041
A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd
A
member
of
the Reed Elsevier plc group
First published in Great Britain by Arnold 1996
Reprinted by Butterworth-Heinemann
2000
Q
T H
G Megson 1996
All rights reserved.
No
part
of
this
publication may
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reproduced in any material
form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and
whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of
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publication)
without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the
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to reproduce any part of
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Whilst the advice and information in
this
book is believed to
be
true and
accurate at the date of going to press, neither the author
nor
the publisher
can accept any legal responsibilty or liability for any errors
or
omissions
that may
be
made.
British
Library
Cataloguing
in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this
book
is available from the British Library
Library of
Con-
Cataloguing
in Publication Data
A catalogue
record
for
this
book
is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN
0
340 63196 1
Typset in 10112 pt Times by
t.
Mathematical Composition Setters
L d
Salisbury,
UK.
Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd,
Bodmin,
Cornwall
Contents
Preface
Chapter
1
Introduction
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
ix
Function of a structure
Structural forms
Support systems
Statically determinate and indeterminate structures
Analysis and design
Structural idealization
11
11
18
23
24
25
Chapter
2
Principles
of
Statics
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Force
Moment of a force
The resultant of a system of parallel forces
Equilibrium of force systems
Calculation of support reactions
Chapter
3
Normal Force, Shear Force, Bending Moment and Torsion
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
33
33
37
38
42
54
60
64
Types of load
Notation and sign convention
Normal force
Shear force and bending moment
Load,
shear force and bending moment relationships
Torsion
Principle of superposition
Chapter 4 Analysis
of
Pin-jointed Trusses
4.1
4.2
4.3
71
71
72
74
Types of truss
Assumptions in
truss
analysis
Idealization of a truss
vi
Contents
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.1 1
Statical determinacy
Resistance of a truss to shear force and bending moment
Method of joints
Method of sections
Method of tension coefficients
Graphical method of solution
Compound trusses
Pin-jointed space frames
75
78
81
84
86
89
91
92
Chapter
5
Cables
5.1
5.2
Lightweight cables carrying concentrated loads
Heavy cables
101
101
105
Chapter 6 Arches
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
The linear arch
The three-pinned arch
A
three-pinned parabolic arch carrying a uniform horizontally
distributed load
Bending moment diagram for a three-pinned arch
119
119
122
127
128
Chapter
7
Stress and Strain
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.1 1
7.12
7.13
7.14
7.15
Direct stress in tension and compression
Shear stress in shear and torsion
Complementary shear stress
Direct strain
Shear strain
Volumetric strain due to hydrostatic pressure
Stress-strain relationships
Poisson effect
Relationships between the elastic constants
Strain energy in simple tension or compression
Impact loads on structural members
Deflections of axially loaded structural members
Deflection of a simple truss
Statically indeterminate systems
Thin-walled shells under internal pressure
134
134
136
137
138
139
139
140
142
144
147
152
154
157
158
170
Chapter 8 Properties
of
Engineering Materials
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
Classification of engineering materials
Testing of engineering materials
Stress-strain curves
Strain hardening
Creep and relaxation
181
182
183
189
193
194
Contents
vii
8.6
8.7
8.8
Fatigue
Design methods
Material properties
195
196
198
Chapter 9 Bending
of
Beams
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10
Symmetrical bending
Combined bending and axial load
Anticlastic bending
Strain energy in bending
Unsymmetrical bending
Calculation of section properties
Principal axes and principal second moments
of
area
Effect of shear forces on the theory
of
bending
Load, shear force and bending moment relationships
Plastic bending
200
200
209
214
215
216
220
230
232
233
234
Chapter 10 Shear
of
Beams
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
Shear stress distribution in a beam
of
unsymmetrical section
Shear stress distribution in symmetrical sections
Strain energy due to shear
Shear stress distribution in thin-walled open section beams
Shear stress distribution in thin-walled closed section beams
259
259
26 1
267
268
274
Chapter 11 Torsion
of
Beams
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
288
288
293
294
296
299
303
Torsion of solid and hollow circular-section bars
Strain energy due to torsion
Plastic torsion of circular-section bars
Torsion of a thin-walled closed section beam
Torsion
of
solid section beams
Warping of cross-sections under torsion
Chapter 12 Composite Beams
12.1
12.2
12.3
Steel reinforced timber beams
Reinforced concrete beams
Steel and concrete beams
308
308
313
326
Chapter 13 Deflection
of
Beams
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
Differential equation
of
symmetrical bending
Singularity functions
Moment-area method
for
symmetrical bending
Deflections due
to
unsymmetrical bending
Moment-area method for unsymmetrical bending
331
33 1
345
35
1
358
362

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