Atlas of the Sioux Wars.pdf

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Atlas of the Sioux Wars
Wars
Second Edition
Edition
Charles D. Collins, Jr.
Jr.
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Dr. William Glenn Robertson, Consulting Editor
Editor
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Combat Studies Institute Press
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027
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Cover Photos: “Portrait of Maj. Gen. (as of 15 April 1865) George A. Custer, Officer of the Federal Army.” Between
1860 and 1865. Selected Civil War Photographs, 1861–65, American Memory Collections, Library of Congress.
Portrait of Sitting Bull, National Archives, National Park Service website.
Atlas of the Sioux Wars
Second Edition
by
Charles D. Collins, Jr.
Consulting Editor
Dr. William Glenn Robertson
STUDIES
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1979
Combat Studies Institute Press
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027
October 2006
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Collins, Charles D., 1955­
Atlas of the Sioux wars / by Charles D. Collins, Jr. ; consulting editor, Dr. William Glenn Robertson. -- 2nd ed.
p. cm.
1. Indians of North America--Wars--1862-1877--Maps. 2. Dakota Indians--Wars--1862-1877--Maps. I. Robertson, William Glenn, 1944- II. Title.
G1201.S55C6 2006
978.004'97--dc22
2006042407
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800
Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-0001
ISBN 0-16-076845-4
Foreword
In June 1992, the Combat Studies Institute (CSI) conducted the first Sioux
Wars Staff Ride for Brigadier General William M. Steele, Deputy Commandant
of the US Army Command and General Staff College. In September 1992,
Dr. William Glenn Robertson, Dr. Jerold E. Brown, Major William M. Campsey,
and Major Scott R. McMeen published the first edition of the
Atlas of the Sioux
Wars
. Their work represented a modest effort to rectify the omission of
the Indian Wars in the West Point atlas series by examining the Army’s
campaigns against the Sioux Indians, one of the greatest Indian tribes of the
American West. The atlas has since served as an educational reference for
hundreds of students of US Army campaigns against the Sioux during the
conduct of dozens of Sioux Wars staff rides.
In 1992, CSI and the authors believed that soldiers serving in the post-Cold
War Army could easily identify with the situation faced by soldiers of the post-
Civil War Army. In both cases, the most serious threat to the nation’s
security had suddenly vanished, and the Army’s very purpose was energetically
debated. Meanwhile, many in political life and in the US Congress saw the
change as an opportunity to reduce funding and other resources for a standing
army—a longstanding trend in American political life. The Army’s senior
leaders, therefore, coped with the twin problems of mission definition and
Draconian resource constraints. The Army’s junior leaders of that era struggled
to prescribe and execute proper training. Yet, conflict generated by civilian
encroachment on Indian lands as part of America’s rapid Westward expansion
increasingly dragged the Army into conflict with the Indian tribes.
The Army found itself pulled in many directions as it was simultaneously
directed to protect Indian lands from civilian encroachment while ordered to take
strong measures to protect civilians against Indian tribes who desperately fought
to maintain their land and culture. Combat veterans of the Civil War quickly
discovered that finding and fighting Indian warriors was dramatically different
from forming large battle lines across relatively confined battlegrounds. Having
spent the past 4 years waging a conventional, high-intensity conflict, the Army
suddenly had to learn techniques of warfare suited to an unconventional, low-
intensity environment.
The relevance of the Sioux Wars for today’s Army is even more evident in
2006 than it was in 1992.As with the campaigns against the Sioux from the 1860s
to the 1890s, early 21st century operations array the conventional forces of the
US Army against the unconventional forces in Afghanistan and Iraq. The Sioux
campaigns are replete with valuable lessons for the professional soldier. The
operations were operationally and tactically complex, unfamiliar terrain and
logistics dramatically affected the multiphase engagements, and every operation
took place in a complex political and cultural environment of shifting priorities.
A serious study of the campaigns offers today’s officers the opportunity to
compare, contrast, and, most importantly, to discover the threads of continuity
linking the unconventional warfare of the 21st century with that of their 19th
century forebears.
The
Atlas of the Sioux Wars, Second Edition
, could not have been completed
without the diligence of the original authors. As with the
First Edition
, section I
deals with the difficulties of using volunteer forces to quell the rebellion of a
suppressed people in the 1862 Minnesota Campaign. Additional material has
been added for the Grattan Affair of 1854 and the continuation of the Minnesota
Campaigns in 1863 and 1864. Section II, as before, deals with the 1866–68 Sioux
War in Wyoming and Montana. It is the story of securing a fixed route of travel
through hostile territory with limited resources. In this section, we have
expanded the discussion of the Connor Expedition and added new material on the
Fetterman and Wagon Box Fights not available in 1992. Section III discusses the
conflict of 1876 and encompasses one of the largest and most ambitious missions
conducted by the Army during the Indian Wars. Again, new material which was
not available to the 1992 authors has been added. A closing section was added to
discuss the Army’s final operations against the Sioux in 1890 and the tragic
encounter at Wounded Knee. The most notable addition to the
Second Edition
of
the atlas is the inclusion of 37 all new, color maps.
While historical analogies are always fraught with danger, many of the
difficulties faced by US soldiers fighting today parallel the tactical and
operational dilemmas faced by soldiers fighting during the Indian Wars. Our goal
is to learn from the experiences of these 19th-century soldiers. Thus, reflecting
on the words of respected Indian Wars Historian Robert M. Utley, “A century of
Indian warfare should have taught us much about dealing with people who did
not fight in conventional ways, and our military tradition might reasonably have
been expected to reflect the lessons thus learned.”
CSI—The Past is Prologue!
Timothy R. Reese
Colonel, Armor
Director, Combat Studies Institute

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