Grammar reference Present Simple vs Present Continuous, Past Simple.pdf

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grammar reference
CZAS
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
FORMY TWIERDZÑCE (PEŁNE)
FORMY TWIERDZÑCE (SKRÓCONE)
I am working.
You are working.
He is working.
She is working.
It is working.
We are working.
You are working.
They are working.
FORMY PRZECZÑCE (PEŁNE)
I’m working.
You’re working.
He’s working.
She’s working.
It’s working.
We’re working.
You’re working.
They’re working.
FORMY PRZECZÑCE (SKRÓCONE)
I am not working.
You are not working.
He is not working.
She is not working.
It is not working.
We are not working.
You are not working.
They are not working.
FORMY PYTAJÑCE
I’m not working.
You aren’t working.
He isn’t working.
She isn’t working.
It isn’t working.
We aren’t working.
You aren’t working.
They aren’t working.
KRÓTKIE ODPOWIEDZI
Am I working?
Are you working?
Is he working?
Is she working?
Is it working?
Are we working?
Are you working?
Are they working?
Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t.
Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.
Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.
Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t.
Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
WHAT’S + PODMIOT + LIKE?
JeÊli chcemy zapytaç o czyjÊ wyglàd lub o wyra˝enie opinii na czyjÊ temat, u˝ywamy
konstrukcji
What’s
+ podmiot +
like?,
np.:
What’s your teacher like?
82
•
Eighty-two
PRESENT SIMPLE
vs
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Present Simple
Present Continuous
It often rains in wet
season.
It is raining now.
CzynnoÊç powtarzajàca si∂,
wyst∂pujàca regularnie.
CzynnoÊç, która dzieje si∂
w momencie, gdy o niej mówimy.
Czasowniki
live, like, hate, want
wyst∂pujà tylko w czasie
Present Simple.
CZASOWNIK
MUST
FORMA TWIERDZÑCA
FORMA PRZECZÑCA
PYTANIE
I/You/He/She/It/We/You/They must go.
I/You/He/She/It/We/You/They mustn’t go.
Must I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they go?
SHALL
Shall
stosujemy tylko z
I
lub
We.
Zazwyczaj
shall
u˝ywamy, kiedy coÊ planujemy lub proponujemy, np.:
Shall I call you tomorrow?
CZASOWNIK
HAVE TO
FORMA TWIERDZÑCA
FORMA PRZECZÑCA
PYTANIE
KRÓTKA ODPOWIEDè
I have to go.
You have to go.
He has to go.
She has to go.
It has to go.
We have to go.
You have to go.
They have to go.
I don’t have to go.
You don’t have to
go.
He doesn’t have to
go.
She doesn’t have to
go.
It doesn’t have to
go.
We don’t have to
go.
You don’t have to
go.
They don’t have to
go.
Do I have to go?
Do you have to go?
Does he have to
go?
Does she have to
go?
Does it have to go?
Do we have to go?
Do you have to go?
Do they have to
go?
Yes, I do.
No, I don’t.
Yes, you do.
No, you don’t.
Yes, he does.
No, he doesn’t.
Yes, she does.
No, she doesn’t.
Yes, it does.
No, it doesn’t.
Yes, we do.
No, we don’t.
Yes, you do.
No, you don’t.
Yes, they do.
No, they don’t.
Eighty-three
•
83
grammar reference
RZECZOWNIKI POLICZALNE I NIEPOLICZALNE:
A, SOME, ANY
POLICZALNE (COUNTABLE)
LICZBA POJEDYNCZA (SINGULAR)
LICZBA MNOGA (PLURAL)
NIEPOLICZALNE (UNCOUNTABLE)
a
sausage
POLICZALNE W LICZBIE MNOGIEJ
sausages
sugar
NIEPOLICZALNE
Have you got
any
mushrooms?
Yes, we’ve got
some
mushrooms.
No, we haven’t got
any
mushrooms.
Have you got
any
water?
Yes, we’ve got
some
water.
No, we haven’t got
any
water.
MUCH, MANY, A LOT OF, A FEW, A LITTLE, SOME, ANY
ZDANIE TWIERDZÑCE
ZDANIE PRZECZÑCE
PYTANIE
a lot of/lots of/some/a few
There are
a lot of/lots of
cars.
There are
some
cars.
There are
a few
cars.
a lot of/lots of/some/a little
There’s
a lot of/lots of
sugar.
There’s
some
sugar.
There’s
a little
sugar.
many/any
There aren’t
many
eggs.
There aren’t
any
eggs.
much/any
There isn’t
much
sugar.
There isn’t
any
sugar.
many/any
How
many
eggs are
there?
Are there
any
eggs?
much/any
How
much
sugar is
there?
Is there
any
sugar?
CZAS
PAST SIMPLE
–
TO BE
FORMA TWIERDZÑCA
FORMA PRZECZÑCA
PYTANIE
KRÓTKA ODPOWIEDè
Rzeczowniki
niepoliczalne
Rzeczowniki
policzalne
I was at home.
You were at home.
He was at home.
She was at home.
It was at home.
We were at home.
You were at home.
They were at home.
I wasn’t at home.
You weren’t at
home.
He wasn’t at home.
She wasn’t at home.
It wasn’t at home.
We weren’t at
home.
You weren’t at
home.
They weren’t at
home.
Was I at home?
Were you at home?
Was he at home?
Was she at home?
Was it at home?
Were we at home?
Were you at home?
Were they at
home?
Yes, I was.
No, I wasn’t.
Yes, you were.
No, you weren’t.
Yes, he was.
No, he wasn’t.
Yes, she was.
No, she wasn’t.
Yes, it was.
No, it wasn’t.
Yes, we were.
No, we weren’t.
Yes, you were.
No, you weren’t.
Yes, they were.
No, they weren’t.
84
•
Eighty-four
CZAS
PAST SIMPLE
FORMA TWIERDZÑCA
FORMA PRZECZÑCA
PYTANIE
KRÓTKA ODPOWIEDè
I worked/swam
yesterday.
You worked/swam
yesterday.
He worked/swam
yesterday.
She worked/swam
yesterday.
It worked/swam
yesterday.
We worked/swam
yesterday.
You worked/swam
yesterday.
They worked/swam
yesterday.
I didn’t work/swim
yesterday.
You didn’t work/
swim yesterday.
He didn’t work/
swim yesterday.
She didn’t work/
swim yesterday.
It didn’t work/swim
yesterday.
We didn’t work/
swim yesterday.
You didn’t work/
swim yesterday.
They didn’t work/
swim yesterday.
Did I work/swim
yesterday?
Did you work/swim
yesterday?
Did he work/swim
yesterday?
Did she work/swim
yesterday?
Did it work/swim
yesterday?
Did we work/swim
yesterday?
Did you work/swim
yesterday?
Did they work/swim
yesterday?
Yes, I did.
No, I didn’t.
Yes, you did.
No, you didn’t.
Yes, he did.
No, he didn’t.
Yes, she did.
No, she didn’t.
Yes, it did.
No, it didn’t.
Yes, we did.
No, we didn’t.
Yes, you did.
No, you didn’t.
Yes, they did.
No, they didn’t.
THERE WAS/WERE
FORMA
TWIERDZÑCA
FORMA
PRZECZÑCA
PYTANIE
KRÓTKA
ODPOWIEDè
LICZBA
POJEDYNCZA
LICZBA
MNOGA
There was
There were
There wasn’t
There weren’t
Was there …?
Were there …?
Yes, there was.
No, there wasn’t.
Yes, there were.
No, there weren’t.
CZAS
PAST SIMPLE
Z
WHEN, WHAT, WHERE, HOW,
WHO, WHY
SŁOWO
PYTAJÑCE
DID
PODMIOT
CZASOWNIK
When
What
did
did
the train
she
leave?
do
yesterday?
Eighty-five
•
85

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