A History of Games Played with the Tarot Pack - The Game of Triumphs v3 Supplement by Michael Dummett & John McLeod (2004).pdf
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A H
ISTORY OF
G
AMES
P
LAYED
W
ITH THE
T
AROT
P
ACK
T
HE
G
AME OF
T
RIUMPHS
Supplement
Michael Dummett
John McLeod
and
Maproom Publications
Oxford
Cover illustrations
Front cover:
Troggu players in Visperterminen – see game 15.1. Photograph by Renata
Studer.
Back cover:
Tarocchi Milanese. Modern reproduction by Masenghini of late XIX
century pack, as used for game 5.8. Top row: 9 of Swords; Cavallo of Cups; Queen
(Regina) of Batons. Bottom row: trump 12 (l’Appeso – the Hanged Man); trump 20 (il
Giudizio – Judgement); trump 21 (il Mondo – the World). From the collection of John
McLeod.
Published by Maproom Publications (UK)
www.maproom.co.uk/publications
ISBN 978-0-9562370-0-2
Distributed by www.tarotgame.org
Copyright © 2009
All rights reserved
Michael Dummett and John McLeod
Table of Contents
Introduction to the Supplement....................................................................................... S iv
Supplement to Chapter 2:
Supplement to Chapter 3:
Supplement to Chapter 5:
Supplement to Chapter 6:
Early Stages in France and Switzerland.............................. S 1
Classic XVIII-century Tarot outside Italy........................... S 1
Swiss Tarot.......................................................................... S 2
Tarot in Lombardy .............................................................. S 6
Supplement to Chapter 10: Ferrara ................................................................................ S 7
Supplement to Chapter 14: Sicilian Tarocchi ................................................................ S 8
Supplement to Chapter 15: Tapp-Tarock....................................................................... S 9
Supplement to Chapter 16: The Variants of Tapp-Tarock........................................... S 17
Supplement to Chapter 17: Cego ................................................................................. S 30
Supplement to Chapter 18: Königrufen ....................................................................... S 32
Supplement to Chapter 19: XIXer-Rufen and XXer-Rufen......................................... S 44
Supplement to Chapter 20: Hungarian Tarokk ............................................................ S 60
Supplement to Appendix C: Other games with Tarot Cards ........................................ S 63
Supplement to Appendix E: Index of Games by Type of Cards
and Number of Players.................... S 64
Detailed Table of Contents ............................................................................................ S 68
S iv
Introduction to the Supplement
Introduction to the Supplement
The invention in northern Italy, in the late 1430s, of the Tarot pack, and of the game
played with it, was an event of major importance for the history of card play, for it was
the invention of the idea of trumps. True, the idea had been invented earlier, for the
German game of Karnöffel; but it was its independent invention for Tarot, about a decade
later, that was to be the source from which it was borrowed for games with the regular
pack of 52 or 48 cards. The word “trumps” is a corruption of “triumphs”, the word, in its
Italian form
trionfi,
originally used for the trumps in Tarot, and, translated, in the games
for which the idea was borrowed, such as the English game of Triumph, the ancestor of
Whist. In contrast, in Karnöffel the trump suit was called the ‘chosen suit’ and some of
its members were only partial trumps, beating all but the highest card or cards of the suit
led.
The game of Tarot was not content to bequeath its salient innovation to games
played with the less interesting regular pack, and then die quietly out. Rather, it spread
from its native Italy to many other countries, to France, Switzerland, the Netherlands,
Germany, Austro-Hungary and Sicily, taking its special pack with it (as the game of
Minchiate took the expanded Minchiate pack). It also carried with it its distinguishing
features: the point-values of the three trump honours and of the twelve court cards; the
obligation to follow suit when one could; and, when one could not, the obligation to play
a trump if one had one. These are defining characteristics of all genuine Tarot games (not
including Minchiate, nor, of course, of games described in Appendix C). They remained
constant under the radical change in the role of the Fool from Excuse to highest trump.
But in all the lands in which Tarot has been played, and in many regions within them,
players have invented new variations. In our book we attempted a comprehensive survey
of all these games. We knew we had little chance of completely succeeding; but we had
not expected that, within quite a short time after the publication of our book, we should
have a substantial amount to add. This Supplement will in turn be added to subsequently
if we learn more.
Its purpose is, of course, to approach more nearly the
comprehensiveness which was our ideal goal; we know we have not reached it yet.
Michael Dummett
John McLeod
Oxford and London, February 2009
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