Joint vision 2020.pdf

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2020

America’s Military—

Preparing for

Tomorrow

Summer 2000 /

JFQ

documentation

Joint Vision

JOINT

VISION

2020

CJCS Vision . . .

Dedicated individuals and innovative organizations

transforming the joint force for the 21

century

to achieve full spectrum dominance:

Persuasive in peace

Decisive in war

Preeminent in any form of conflict

he U.S. military today is a force of su-

perbly trained men and women who

are ready to deliver victory for our Na-

tion. In support of the objectives of

our national security strategy, it is routinely em-

ployed to shape the international security envi-

ronment and stands ready to respond across the

full range of potential military operations. But

the focus of this document is the third element of

our strategic approach—the need to prepare now

for an uncertain future.

Joint Vision 2020

builds upon and extends the

conceptual template established by

Joint Vision

2010

to guide the continuing transformation of

the Armed Forces. The primary purpose of those

forces has been and will be to fight and win the

Nation’s wars. The overall goal of the transforma-

tion described in this document is the creation of

a force that is dominant across the full spectrum

of military operations—persuasive in peace, deci-

sive in war, preeminent in any form of conflict.

In 2020, the Nation will face a wide range of

interests, opportunities, and challenges and will

require a military that can both win wars and

contribute to peace. The global interests and re-

sponsibilities of the United States will endure,

and there is no indication that threats to those

interests and responsibilities, or to our allies, will

disappear. The strategic concepts of decisive force,

power projection, overseas presence, and strategic

agility will continue to govern our efforts to fulfill

those responsibilities and meet the challenges of

the future. This document describes the opera-

tional concepts necessary to do so.

If the Armed Forces are to be faster, more

lethal, and more precise in 2020 than they are

today, we must continue

to invest in and develop

new military capabilities.

This vision describes the

ongoing transformation

to those new capabilities.

As first explained in

Joint

Vision 2010,

and depend-

ent upon realizing the po-

tential of the information

revolution, today’s capa-

bilities for maneuver,

strike, logistics, and pro-

tection will become domi-

nant maneuver, precision

engagement, focused lo-

gistics, and full dimen-

sional protection.

The joint force, be-

cause of its flexibility and

responsiveness, will re-

main the key to operational success in the future.

The integration of core competencies provided by

the individual services is essential to the joint

team, and the employment of the capabilities of

the total force (active, Reserve, National Guard,

and civilian members) increases the options for

the commander and complicates the choices of

our opponents. To build the most effective force

for 2020, we must be fully joint: intellectually,

operationally, organizationally, doctrinally, and

technically.

This vision is centered on the joint force in

2020. The date defines a general analytical focus

rather than serving as a definitive estimate or

deadline. The document does not describe coun-

ters to specific threats, nor does it enumerate

weapon, communication, or other systems we

will develop or purchase. Rather, its purpose is to

describe in broad terms the human talent—the

professional, well-trained, and ready force—and

operational capabilities that will be required for

the joint force to succeed across the full range of

military operations and accomplish its mission in

2020 and beyond. In describing those capabili-

ties, the vision provides a vector for the wide-

ranging program of exercises and experimenta-

tion being conducted by the services and

combatant commands and the continuing evolu-

tion of the joint force. Based on the joint vision

implementation program, many capabilities will

documentation

JFQ

/ Summer 2000

JOINT

VISION

2020

U.S. Air Force (Val Gempis)

The evolution of these elements over the

next two decades will be strongly influenced by

two factors. First, the continued development

and proliferation of information technologies will

substantially change the conduct of military op-

erations. These changes in the information envi-

ronment make information superiority a key en-

abler of the transformation of the operational

capabilities of the joint force and the evolution of

joint command and control. Second, the Armed

Forces will continue to rely on a capacity for in-

tellectual and technical innovation. The pace of

technological change, especially as it fuels

changes in the strategic environment, will place a

premium on our ability to foster innovation in

our people and organizations across the entire

range of joint operations. The overall vision of

the capabilities we will require in 2020, as intro-

duced above, rests on our assessment of the

strategic context in which our forces will operate.

STRATEGIC CONTEXT

Three aspects of the world of 2020 have sig-

nificant implications for the Armed Forces. First,

the United States will continue to have global in-

terests and be engaged with a variety of regional

actors. Transportation, communications, and in-

formation technology will continue to evolve and

foster expanded economic ties and awareness of

international events. Our security and economic

interests, as well as our political values, will pro-

vide the impetus for engagement with interna-

tional partners. The joint force of 2020 must be

prepared to win across the full range of military

operations in any part of the world, to operate

with multinational forces, and to coordinate mili-

tary operations, as necessary, with government

agencies and international organizations.

be operational well before 2020, while others will

continue to be explored and developed through

exercises and experimentation.

The overarching focus of this vision is full

spectrum dominance—achieved through the in-

terdependent application of dominant maneuver,

precision engagement, focused logistics, and full

dimensional protection. Attaining that goal re-

quires the steady infusion of new technology and

modernization and replacement of equipment.

However, material superiority alone is not suffi-

cient. Of greater importance is the development

of doctrine, organizations, training and educa-

tion, leaders, and people that effectively take ad-

vantage of the technology.

Figure 1. Full Spectrum Dominance

Dominant Maneuver

Information

Superiority and

Technological

Innovations

Precision Engagement

Peacetime Engagement

Deterrence and Conflict Prevention

Full-Dimensional Protection

Focused Logistics

Fight and Win

Summer 2000 /

JFQ

documentation

JOINT

VISION

2020

documentation

Second, potential adversaries will have access

to the global commercial industrial base and

much of the same technology as the U.S. military.

We will not necessarily sustain a wide technologi-

cal advantage over our adversaries in all areas. In-

creased availability of commercial satellites, digi-

tal communications, and the public Internet all

give adversaries new capabilities at a relatively

low cost. We should not expect opponents in

2020 to fight with strictly industrial age tools.

Our advantage must therefore come from leaders,

people, doctrine, organizations, and training that

enable us to take advantage of technology to

achieve superior warfighting effectiveness.

Third, we should expect potential adversaries

to adapt as our capabilities evolve. We have supe-

rior conventional warfighting capabilities and ef-

fective nuclear deterrence today, but this favor-

able military balance is not static. In the face of

such strong capabilities, the appeal of asymmetric

approaches and the focus on the development of

niche capabilities will increase. By developing

and using approaches that avoid U.S. strengths

and exploit potential vulnerabilities using signifi-

cantly different methods of operation, adversaries

will attempt to create conditions that effectively

delay, deter, or counter the application of U.S.

military capabilities.

The potential of such asymmetric ap-

proaches is perhaps the most serious danger the

United States faces in the immediate future—

and this danger includes long-range ballistic

missiles and other direct threats to U.S. citizens

and territory. The asymmetric methods and ob-

jectives of an adversary are often far more im-

portant than the relative technological imbal-

ance, and the psychological impact of an attack

might far outweigh the actual physical damage

inflicted. An adversary may pursue an asymmet-

ric advantage on the tactical, operational, or

strategic level by identifying key vulnerabilities

and devising asymmetric concepts and capabili-

ties to strike or exploit them. To complicate mat-

ters, our adversaries may pursue a combination

of asymmetries, or the United States may face a

number of adversaries who, in combination, cre-

ate an asymmetric threat. These asymmetric

threats are dynamic and subject to change, and

the Armed Forces must maintain the capabilities

necessary to deter, defend against, and defeat

any adversary who chooses such an approach.

To meet the challenges of the strategic environ-

ment in 2020, the joint force must be able to

achieve full spectrum dominance.

JFQ

/ Summer 2000

982

Signal Company (James V. Dowden, Jr.)

JOINT

VISION

2020

FULL SPECTRUM DOMINANCE

The ultimate goal of our military force is to

accomplish the objectives directed by the National

Command Authorities. For the joint force of the

future, this goal will be achieved through full spec-

trum dominance—the ability of U.S. forces, operat-

ing unilaterally or in combination

with multinational and interagency

partners, to defeat any adversary and

Sources of Friction

control any situation across the full

effects of danger and

range of military operations.

exertion

The full range of operations in-

cludes maintaining a posture of

uncertainty and chance

strategic deterrence. It includes the-

unpredictable actions

ater engagement and presence activi-

of other actors

ties. It includes conflict involving

frailties of machines and

employment of strategic forces and

information

weapons of mass destruction, major

theater wars, regional conflicts, and

human frailties.

smaller-scale contingencies. It also in-

cludes those ambiguous situations re-

siding between peace and war, such

as peacekeeping and peace enforcement opera-

tions, as well as noncombat humanitarian relief

operations and support to domestic authorities.

The label

full spectrum dominance

implies that

U.S. forces are able to conduct prompt, sustained,

and synchronized operations with combinations

of forces tailored to specific situations and with

access to and freedom to operate in all domains—

land, sea, air, space, and information. Addition-

ally, given the global nature of our interests and

obligations, the United States must maintain its

Figure 2. Range of Military Operations

combat

overseas presence forces and the ability to rapidly

project power worldwide in order to achieve full

spectrum dominance.

Achieving full spectrum dominance means

the joint force will fulfill its primary purpose—

victory in war—as well as achieving success across

the full range of operations, but it does not mean

that we will win without cost or difficulty. Con-

flict results in casualties despite our best efforts to

minimize them and will continue to do so when

the force has achieved full spectrum dominance.

Additionally, friction is inherent in military oper-

ations. The joint force of 2020 will seek to create

a “frictional imbalance” in its favor by using the

capabilities envisioned in this document, but the

fundamental sources of friction cannot be elimi-

nated. We will win—but we should not expect

war in the future to be either easy or bloodless.

The requirement for global operations, the

ability to counter adversaries who possess

weapons of mass destruction, and the need to

shape ambiguous situations at the low end of the

range of operations will present special challenges

en route to achieving full spectrum dominance.

Therefore, the process of creating the joint force of

the future must be flexible—to react to changes in

the strategic environment and the adaptations of

potential enemies, to take advantage of new tech-

nologies, and to account for variations in the pace

of change. The source of that flexibility is the syn-

ergy of the core competencies of the individual

services, integrated into the joint team. These

challenges will require a total force composed of

well-educated, motivated, and competent people

who can adapt to the many demands of future

joint missions. The transformation of the joint

force to reach full spectrum dominance

rests upon information superiority as a key

enabler and our capacity for innovation.

Information Superiority

noncombat

Information, information processing,

and communications networks are at the

core of every military activity. Throughout

history, military leaders have regarded in-

formation superiority as a key enabler of

victory. However, the ongoing information

revolution is creating not only a quantita-

tive, but a qualitative change in the infor-

mation environment that by 2020 will re-

sult in profound changes in the conduct of

military operations. In fact, advances in in-

formation capabilities are proceeding so

rapidly that there is a risk of outstripping

our ability to capture ideas, formulate oper-

ational concepts, and develop the capacity

to assess results. While the goal of achiev-

ing information superiority will not

Military

Operation

General

U.S. Goals

War

Military Operations Other Than War

Fight and Win

Deter War

and

Resolve Conflict

Promote Peace

and

Support U.S.

Authorities

Examples

Large Scale Combat

Operations

Attack /Defend /Blockade

Peace Enforcement

Counterterrorism

Show of Force / Raid /Strike

Peacekeeping/NEO

Nuclear Assistance

Counterinsurgency

Freedom of Navigation

Counterdrug

Humanitarian Assistance

Protection of Shipping

U.S. Civil Support

Summer 2000 /

JFQ

documentation

Joint vision 2020.pdf

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