Field Guide to Common Macrofungi in Eastern Forests and Their Ecosystem Functions by Michael E Ostry & Neil A Anderson & Joseph G O'Brien - USDA GTR NRS-79 (2010).pdf

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United States
Department of
Agriculture
Forest Service
Northern
Research Station
General Technical
Report NRS-79
Field Guide to
Common Macrofungi
in Eastern Forests
and Their Ecosystem
Functions
Michael E. Ostry
Neil A. Anderson
Joseph G. O’Brien
Cover Photos
Front: Morel,
Morchella esculenta.
Photo by Neil A. Anderson, University
of Minnesota. Back: Bear’s Head Tooth,
Hericium coralloides.
Photo by
Michael E. Ostry, U.S. Forest Service.
The Authors
MICHAEL E. OSTRY, research plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service,
Northern Research Station, St. Paul, MN
NEIL A. ANDERSON, professor emeritus, University of Minnesota,
Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul, MN
JOSEPH G. O’BRIEN, plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Forest
Health Protection, St. Paul, MN
Manuscript received for publication 23 April 2010
Published by:
U.S. FOREST SERVICE
11 CAMPUS BLVD SUITE 200
NEWTOWN SQUARE PA 19073
April 2011
For additional copies:
U.S. Forest Service
Publications Distribution
359 Main Road
Delaware, OH 43015-8640
Fax: (740)368-0152
Visit our homepage at:
http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/
CONTENTS
Introduction: About this Guide
Mushroom Basics
1
2
Aspen-Birch Ecosystem
Mycorrhizal
On the ground associated with tree roots
Fly Agaric
Amanita muscaria
Destroying Angel
Amanita virosa, A. verna,
A. bisporigera
The Omnipresent Laccaria
Laccaria bicolor
Aspen Bolete
Leccinum aurantiacum,
L. insigne
Birch Bolete
Leccinum scabrum
Saprophytic Litter and Wood Decay
On wood
Oyster Mushroom
Pleurotus populinus
(P.
ostreatus)
Artist’s Conk
Ganoderma applanatum
(Fomes
applanatus)
False Tinder Conk
Phellinus tremulae
(Fomes
ignarius)
True Tinder Conk
Fomes fomentarius
Birch Polypore
Piptoporus betulinus
(Polyporus
betulinus)
Multicolor Gill Polypore
Lenzites betulina
On the ground
Morel (Sponge Mushroom)
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
17
18
19
Morchella esculenta
20
Pathogenic
On ground associated with tree roots or on wood
Honey Mushroom
Armillaria gallica
21
Northern Hardwood Ecosystem
Mycorrhizal
On the ground associated with tree roots
Giant Puffball
Calvatia gigantea
Saprophytic Litter and Wood Decay
On wood
Bear’s Head Tooth
Hericium coralloides
24
26
Scaly Pholiota
Pholiota squarrosa
Milk-White Toothed Polypore
Irpex lacteus
(Polyporus
tulipiferae)
Violet Polypore
Trichaptum biforme
(Hirschioporus
pargamenus,
Polyporus pargamenus)
Smoky Polypore
Bjerkandera adusta
(Polyporus
adustus)
Common Split Gill
Schizophyllum commune
Hen of the Woods
Grifola frondosa
(Polyporus
frondosus)
Maze Bracket
Daedalea quercina
Annual Shelf Fungus
Phellinus gilvus
(Polyporus
gilvus)
Hoof Conk
Phellinus everhartii
(Fomes
everhartii)
Diamond Polypore
Polyporus alveolaris
(Favolus
alveolaris)
Dryad’s Saddle
Polyporus squamosus
Cinnabar-Red Polypore
Pycnoporus cinnabarinus
(Polyporus
cinnabarinus)
Turkey Tail
Trametes versicolor
(Coriolus
versicolor,
Polyporus versicolor)
Weeping Polypore
Ischnoderma resinosum
(Polyporus
resinosus)
Coral-Like Jelly Fungus
Tremellodendron pallidum
Northern Tooth
Climacodon septentrionalis
(Steccherinum
septentrionale)
On the ground
Inky Caps
27
28
29
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
41
42
43
44
45
Coprinus, Coprinellus,
Coprinopsis
spp.
46
Upland Conifer Ecosystem
Mycorrhizal
On the ground associated with tree roots
Slippery Jack Bolete
Suillus luteus
White Pine Bolete
Suillus americanus
The King Bolete
Boletus edulis
False Morel
Gyromitra esculenta
Golden Chanterelle
Cantharellus cibarius
48
49
50
52
53
Lilac Cort
False Chanterelle
False Truffles
Witches Hat
Cortinarius traganeus
Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca
Rhizopogon
spp.
Hygrocybe conica
(Hygrophorous
conicus)
54
55
56
57
Saprophytic Litter and Wood Decay
On wood
Pine Conk
Phellinus pini
(Fomes
pini)
The Red Band Fungus
Fomitopsis pinicola
(Fomes
pinicola)
Conifer Parchment
Phlebiopsis gigantea
(Peniophora
gigantea)
Velvet Top Fungus
Phaeolus schweinitzii
(Polyporus
schweinitzii)
On the ground
Club Coral
58
59
60
61
Clavariadelphus ligula
62
Pathogenic
On the ground associated with tree roots or on wood
Honey Mushroom
Armillaria solidipes
(A.
ostoyae)
Truffle Eater
Cordyceps ophioglossoides
Conifer-Base Polypore
Heterobasidion irregulare
(H.
annosum, Fomes annosus)
Sulfur Shelf
Laetiporus sulphureus
(Polyporus
sulphureus)
63
64
65
67
Lowland Conifer Ecosystem
Mycorrhizal
On the ground associated with tree roots
Hollow Stem Larch Suillus
Suillus cavipes
Short-Stemmed Russula
Russula brevipes
Swamp Death Angel
Amanita brunnescens
Larch Suillus
Suillus grevillei
Tent Stakes
Gomphidius glutinosus
Hedgehog Mushroom
Hydnum repandum
(Dentinum
repandum)
Milky Caps
Lactarius volemus
Emetic Russula
Russula emetica
70
71
72
73
74
75
77
78

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