AD23 - Protected Cultivation.pdf

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Agrodok 23
Protected cultivation
Construction, requirements and use of greenhouses in
various climates
Ernst van Heurn
Kees van der Post
© Agromisa Foundation, Wageningen, 2004.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photocopy,
microfilm or any other means, without written permission from the publisher.
First edition: 2004
Authors: Ernst van Heurn, Kees van der Post
Editor: Jansje van Middendorp
Illustrators: Mamadi Jabbi, Barbera Oranje
Translation: Ninette de Zylva
Printed by: Digigrafi, Wageningen, the Netherlands
ISBN: 90-77073-90-6
NUGI: 835
Foreword
This Agrodok deals with the possibilities applicable to protect horti-
cultural crops against unfavorable climatic conditions. It fits with the
worldwide expansion of tunnels and greenhouses covered with plastic
foils during the last two or three decades.
The development of sophisticated construction and climate control
techniques justifies explanations on the more basic level. This Agro-
dok hopes to fulfill this target.
The writers are indebted to several reviewers, who offer valuable and
helpful suggestions. Special acknowledgement is made to Dries
Waayenberg of the Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engi-
neering (IMAG – DLO, Wageningen) and to Frits Veenman of Royal
Brinkman B.V. in ‘s Gravenzande, for their valuable and constructive
contributions, their criticizing, and suggestions to amplify the text.
We sincerely hope that this Agrodok will contribute to a worldwide
development of intensive horticulture and will benefit a broad diver-
sity of advisors and entrepreneurs.
The authors
Foreword
3
Contents
1
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
Introduction
6
Requirements for greenhouse cultivation
8
Introduction
8
Point of departure when starting a greenhouse project 8
Recording of the climate
9
Other requirements for intensive cultivation
15
Topography of the land
18
Spatial infrastructure and distribution
18
Greenhouses: types and constructions
Introduction
Low constructions
Low tunnels
Walk-in-tunnels
Tunnels with opportunities for climate regulation
Shade halls
Greenhouse cover
Introduction
Cover of plastic film
Effects of the cover materials
Climate control in the greenhouse
Introduction
Methods to regulate the climate
Integration of the different elements of Climate Control
Reactions of the crop to regulation of the climate
Water supply and crop protection
Introduction
Water supply and fertilising
Methods of supplying water to the crop
19
19
19
21
22
23
26
28
28
28
30
32
32
32
44
49
50
50
50
53
4
Protected cultivation
6.4
6.5
6.6
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
Disease control
Spaces for storage and preservation
Necessary instruments and tools
Crop selection, care, labour and yield
Introduction
Crops for different types of greenhouses
Crop care
Labour intensiveness
Financial turnover
55
57
58
61
61
61
62
66
67
69
74
76
80
Appendix: Climate tables
Further reading
Useful addresses
Glossary
5
Contents

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