srodki-jezykowe-matura-podstawowa.pdf

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Od  2015 roku uczniowie, którzy uczą się w  szkole ponadgimnazjalnej według nowej podstawowy programowej, podchodzą
do  matury w  nowym formacie. Na  poziomie podstawowym oznacza to  m.in. wprowadzenie zadań sprawdzających bezpośrednio
znajomość środków językowych. Jest niezwykle ważne, aby uczeń jak najwcześniej, jak najczęściej i w jak najszerszym zakresie stykał
się z  zadaniami, które na  egzaminie końcowym mogą sprawić mu najwięcej trudności. Dlatego oddajemy w  państwa ręce zestaw
kilkudziesięciu zadań egzaminacyjnych, wierząc, że  będzie istotnym uzupełnieniem podręczników i  innych materiałów, z  których
państwo korzystają.
Życzymy powodzenia!
Zespół pearson
spis treści
strony
1–3
4–6
7–9
10–12
13–15
16–17
test wielokrotnego wyboru
pary zdań
Minidialogi
parafrazy zdań
tłumaczenie fragmentów zdań
Odpowiedzi
test WieLOKrOtNeGO WYBOrU
W zadaniach 1–4, przeczytaj teksty. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, tak aby otrzymać logiczne i gramatycznie poprawne
teksty. Zakreśl literę a, b lub c.
Zadanie 1
it’s As eAsY As App
What are the basic skills that
1________
child starting school should
learn? For many centuries the obvious answer was: reading, writing
and arithmetic. Quite recently computer classes (ICT) have been made
an obligatory part of national curriculums to teach students how
to use basic programmes. These days,
2________,
more and more
countries are starting to realise that to succeed in the 21st century
pupils should be able to create their own software.
In fact, some schools in the UK are planning to get rid of ICT lessons
and replace them
3________
programming classes that would involve
building websites, designing games and mobile phone apps. They
hope that today’s generation of children, who are already familiar with
using smartphones and practically living in the world of social media,
will soon become the designers of the future.
Education authorities have no problem convincing students’
parents that
4________
skills are important. A recent survey shows
that 94% of them believe that computer skills are
5________
for the
job market. Examples of British teenagers who have managed to sell
their apps to big corporations also help make the decision easy. After
all, who wouldn’t want their child to become a millionaire?
1 a
some
2 a although
3 a for
4 a so
5 a essential
Zadanie 2
tHe ZeBrA MYsterY
For many years scientists have wondered
1________
zebras have black
and white stripes. Some believe that the stripes create an optical
illusion which hides a zebra’s movements and in this way protect it
from being attacked. When lions see a group of zebras, the stripes
make it difficult for them to assess the zebras’ size and speed. However,
one study has found that lions are particularly good
2________
catching zebras.
There have been other popular theories too. One claims that each
zebra has a unique pattern of stripes so
3________
one individual can
recognise another. There is also a theory that suggests that the stripes
help zebras with thermoregulation and protect them from the strong
African sun.
A team of US researchers has
4________
found evidence that the
zebra got its stripes for different reasons. The zebra’s short hair makes
it easy for dangerous African flies to bite and infect the animal with
different
5________.
It seems that flies find it harder to land on stripes
and during their evolution zebras have developed a perfect way
to keep the flies away. The stripes are narrow on the lower legs and on
the head, the areas which attract flies the most.
1 a which
2 a in
3 a that
4 a never
5 a allergies
b
why
b
for
b
as
b
ever
b
diseases
c
what
c
at
c
to
c
recently
c
vaccines
b
all
b
however
b
with
b
this
b
unnecessary
c
any
c
despite
c
from
c
such
c
modern
Zadanie 3
rUtH FLOWers: AGe is NO eXcUse
When you think of your grandparents’ hobbies, gardening, knitting or
Nordic walking come to mind.
1________
Ruth Flowers was not your
average grandmother. When she was in her late sixties, she became
a world-famous DJ working under the name Mamy Rock.
She was brought
2________
in a very musical family and for many
years worked as a singer and singing teacher. It was only when she got
invited to her grandson’s birthday party at a club that she
3________
in love with dance music. Ruth said that at first the security didn’t want
to let her in because of her age, but she insisted and she enjoyed it
very much.
She was
4________
in touch with a young French producer who
helped her develop her sound and image. In her mixing, she used her
favourite artists like the Rolling Stones or Freddie Mercury together
with electro music. As for clothes, she loved colourful outfits and
cool sunglasses. Ruth gave her first gig during the 2009 Cannes Film
Festival, after which she became internationally known.
5________
then she played in major clubs throughout the world and even had
her own reality show called ”Rock It Granny”.
1 a Yet
2 a back
3 a falls
4 a put
5 a From
Zadanie 4
WHere Are YOUr MANNers?
While it is true that mobile devices are convenient and help us stay
better connected, our social skills seem to be getting worse and worse.
According to a recent survey, the majority of people
1________
that
smartphones, laptops, tablets and social media have made us ruder.
People texting in public places or shouting into their phones on
public transport are a common
2________.
Very often we pay more
attention to our Facebook account than the person sitting in front of
us. This obsession with digital devices and the need to stay online
all the time make people start phone conversations while watching
a film at the cinema or forget
3________
off their mobile in the theatre,
at school or even in church.
Many institutions are trying to bring good old etiquette back.
Shops across the UK are putting up signs informing customers that
they won’t be served while talking
4________
the phone. Banks
and post offices forbid the use of mobile phones too. There are also
numerous online campaigns that make people aware of the basic
rules of polite behaviour. All of them come down to a simple fact: use
your common sense and
5________
you think it will be rude, don’t
do it.
1 a thinks
2 a view
3 a to
switch
4 a by
5 a unless
b
has thought
b
picture
b
switching
b
through
b
if
c
is thinking
c
sight
c
about switching
c
on
c
provided
b
Although
b
up
b
fell
b
stayed
b
Until
c
In spite of
c
over
c
has fallen
c
kept
c
Since
© Pearson Central Europe Sp. z o.o. 2014
PHOTOCOPIABLE
Środki językowe – matura podstawowa
1
test WieLOKrOtNeGO WYBOrU
W zadaniach 5–8, przeczytaj teksty. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, tak aby otrzymać logiczne i gramatycznie poprawne
teksty. Zakreśl literę a, b lub c.
Zadanie 5
sUperMArKet MiND GAMes
We all know it too well, we go to a supermarket and we often end
1________
buying more than we planned. Having a shopping list in
your hand doesn’t always help because supermarkets use all kinds of
psychological tricks aimed at making us
2________
up our trolleys.
It all starts in the car park where potential customers see red signs
advertising discounts and bargains. As soon as they see this colour
inside, they will automatically associate it with low prices
3________
some red labels will only be used to confuse them. Then it’s the usual:
background music will get shoppers in the right frame of mind and so
will the artificial smell of
4________
baked bread. Shelves with basic
products, such as meat, bread and butter, are situated far from away
each other so that you have to walk through many aisles and, on the
way, be tempted to get items you don’t need.
And just when you think it’s over, there are so-called
golden
zones,
displays with all kinds of sweets located near checkouts that
encourage customers and their children to think that they deserve
a reward while they
5________
to pay for their shopping.
1 a up
2 a filling
3 a despite
4 a hardly
5 a are
waiting
Zadanie 6
DON’t WAste it
Statistics show that US households throw away a shocking 40% of
perfectly good food. At the same time about 50 million Americans
don’t have
1________
to eat and many suffer from hunger. However, if
US families managed to
2________
food waste by 15 per cent, it would
help feed 25 million people.
The big question is: what can be done to solve the problem?
To start with, you should plan your meals well ahead, make use of
shopping lists and avoid buying on impulse. If you don’t know
what to do with the leftovers in your fridge, check online guides for
suggestions on how to waste less. Alternatively, you can get a useful
mobile app which will provide you with creative
3________.
Some people get rid of food because the sell-by date has passed
and they are afraid they might get sick.
4________
they don’t realise
is that most food products can be safely eaten past these dates. If you
know you won’t have the chance to eat something, you can always
freeze it
5________
it goes bad.
There’s also an option of donating food to local food banks.
Remember that lots of people need the food you throw away.
1 a plenty
2 a fed
up with
3 a recipes
4 a That
5 a after
b
little
b
cut down on
b
receipts
b
What
b
before
c
enough
c
take away
c
prescriptions
c
Which
c
while
b
with
b
to fill
b
even though
b
freshly
b
will be waiting
c
about
c
fill
c
therefore
c
quickly
c
have been waiting
Zadanie 7
Do U hav a job 4 me?
Believe it or not, but many employers nowadays do get letters of
application written in ‘text speak’. And it is not the only reason why
more and more employers
1________
that the recruitment process is
a nightmare.
Many young applicants fail to understand the requirements for
the jobs they apply
2________.
They send off identical CVs regardless
of the post. In addition, they find it difficult to show up punctually
for a job interview, have
3________
idea what to wear on formal
occasions and lack basic social skills, e.g. they are unable to make eye-
contact with the interviewer or explain why they want a given job.
And that’s not to mention their poor knowledge of the company they
want to work for.
It doesn’t prevent young people from
4________
unrealistic
expectations of the job market. They are mostly interested in
professions related to popular culture, the media and sport. Moreover,
they just think they can walk into their dream job, because they
believe they deserve only the best.
5________,
all of the above greatly
limit young people’s working opportunities and contribute to the
high rates of youth unemployment.
1 a accuse
2 a for
3 a some
4 a have
5 a Previously
Zadanie 8
HUNGer FOr pOWer
If you think that politics is boring, you haven’t watched
House of Cards,
an American political drama. It is directed by David Fincher, who is
known
1________
Seven
and
Fight Club,
among others. This TV series is
set in the capital of the USA and tells the story of Francis Underwood
(Kevin Spacey), a fictional Democratic congressman.
Kevin Spacey
2________
the role of a ruthless politician who wants
to take revenge on the people that have betrayed him, including the
President of the United States himself. He is very cynical and uses
a young political reporter to reveal his rivals’ dark secrets to the press.
His power-hungry wife is no angel
3________.
They both stop at
nothing to reach their goals and destroy their enemies.
The series is a remake of the 1990s British political miniseries and
has become a great success, receiving many
4________
for excellent
acting and directing. Viewers around the world seem to appreciate the
fact that it presents the reality of political life as many people suspect
it to be:
5________
cruel world of empty promises and corruption,
with no place for idealism.
1 a from
2 a stars
3 a too
4 a prizes
5 a a
b
for
b
plays
b
also
b
rewards
b
an
c
about
c
acts
c
either
c
awards
c
the
b
deny
b
to
b
any
b
to have
b
Unfortunately
c
complain
c
about
c
no
c
having
c
Eventually
2
© Pearson Central Europe Sp. z o.o. 2014
PHOTOCOPIABLE
Środki językowe – matura podstawowa
test WieLOKrOtNeGO WYBOrU
W zadaniach 9–12, przeczytaj teksty. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, tak aby otrzymać logiczne i gramatycznie poprawne
teksty. Zakreśl literę a, b lub c.
Zadanie 9
Are cHeAp AirLiNes reALLY cHeAp?
Go to Majorca now for only £10! Pay €5 to fly to Crete! Budget airlines
1________
your attention with bargain ticket prices in their eye-
catching advertisements. What they will not tell you, however, is
2________
they have all kinds of tricks up their sleeve to make much
more money out of you later.
To start with, the price of a cheap air fare only looks attractive
at the beginning. It often does not include obligatory costs such as
taxes, an online check-in charge, service charge or credit card usage
fee.
3________
they are added, the final bill is far from what you
expected. Then there are luggage fees. If your hand luggage is not
the correct size or your suitcase is too heavy, the excess baggage fee
you will have to pay at the airport
4________
ruin your holiday mood.
Not to mention high extra charges if you forget to print your boarding
pass at home or make a spelling mistake in your name.
So next time you are sitting at your desk to
5________
that online
booking, make sure you are well-rested and ready to face a very tough
opponent.
1 a draw
2 a why
3 a Unless
4 a must
5 a make
Zadanie 10
MOBiLes AND HeALtH issUes
Forty years ago mobile phones did not even exist and soon more than
2 billion people will be using them on a daily basis. This fairly recent
1________
has proved very useful but the fact that we are constantly
bombarded by electromagnetic waves may have long-term effects on
our health.
2________
suggests that our favourite gadget, which we look
at 150 times a day, contributes to all kinds of health issues. Staring
at your phone for too long may lead to serious problems with your
eyesight.
3________,
mobile phone users suffer from headaches, neck
and shoulder pains, tiredness, poor hearing as well as problems with
sleeping.
So maybe it is worth
4________
our personal habits when it
comes to using mobile phones? Experts suggest holding the devices
a few centimetres away from your ear and switching ears every few
moments. It is recommended not to use them for more than 15
minutes at a time and to leave them
5________
your bedroom at
night.
And don’t forget to clean your phone every once in a while. The
average phone is a paradise for all kinds of bacteria.
1 a discovery
2 a Research
3 a All
in all
4 a reconsider
5 a opposite
b
invention
b
Opinion
b
Firstly
b
reconsidering
b
behind
c
creativity
c
Examination
c
Moreover
c
to reconsider
c
outside
b
pay
b
that
b
Once
b
should
b
do
c
turn
c
such
c
Whereas
c
may
c
prepare
Zadanie 11
sMArt HOUse
Have you ever left your house wondering if you had locked the front
door or turned off the cooker? Now you can stop worrying if you
decide to turn your home
1________
a smart one. Technology that
was once reserved for the rich is becoming more and more available
2________
the popularity of mobile phones and tablets.
Setting up a smart home is all about connecting all the devices
and household
3________
into a network that you can control from
any place in the world. Whether you are at work or on holiday, you can
check what is going on in your house and react accordingly. A security
system will detect a fire or inform you in case a burglar
4________
to break in. A smart home will control the lighting and room
temperature, resulting in lower electricity and heating bills. Once the
house knows that you are getting up, it will turn on the coffee maker
in the kitchen or put on your favourite news programme on TV.
The list of cool smart home tricks goes on and they are all
5________
at making your life easier and more convenient.
1 a up
2 a owing
to
3 a tools
4 a tries
5 a aiming
Zadanie 12
reADiNG BOOKs cAN Be cOOL
At present many publishing houses are experiencing a crisis, libraries
are not as popular as they
1________
be and fewer and fewer people
are buying books. That is why in 1995 UNESCO started World Book
Day, an annual event celebrated worldwide on 23 April
2________
main aim is to encourage and promote reading. It was decided that it
would be held on this day because the date is also the anniversary of
the birth and death of William Shakespeare and the death of Miguel
de Cervantes.
Every year hundreds of interesting book-related events
3________
place in bookshops, schools and libraries. In Spain, for example,
Cervantes’s
Don Quixote
is read during a two-day reading marathon.
In Catalonia, where this day is called
The Day of the Rose,
traditionally
men gave women roses and
4________
women gave men books.
Nowadays it is still customary to exchange books on this day and in
the main streets of Barcelona and other cities in the region you can
buy something to read for your loved ones.
UNESCO believes that reading books
5________
to the social and
cultural progress of humanity and leads to building peace around the
world.
1 a were
used to
2 a which
3 a take
4 a on
average
5 a helps
b
used to
b
that
b
have
b
in return
b
contributes
c
got used to
c
whose
c
give
c
for instance
c
provides
b
on
b
in spite of
b
furniture
b
will try
b
aimed
c
into
c
apart from
c
appliances
c
tried
c
being aimed
© Pearson Central Europe Sp. z o.o. 2014
PHOTOCOPIABLE
Środki językowe – matura podstawowa
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