Mark Dvoretsky The Inst29.Pdf

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The Instructor
Active Rooks
Rook activity is the cornerstone in the evaluation and
play of rook endgames.
This activity may take diverse
forms: from attacking the enemy pawns, to the support of
one’s own passed pawns, to the interdiction or pursuit of
the enemy king.
There are indeed times when the rook must remain
passive, and implement purely defensive functions. But
even then,
one must stubbornly seek out any possibility
of activating the rook, not even stopping at sacrificing
pawns, or making your own king’s position worse.
The following classic endgame serves as an excellent
illustration.
Flohr – Vidmar
Nottingham 1936
32. Kf1-e2
King centralization is
paramount. A mistake would
be 32. Ra5?! c5! 33. Rxa6 c4
(Black sacrifices a pawn,
activates his forces, and
draws without trouble); or
32. b4?! Ke7 33. Ke2 Kd6
34. Kd3 Rb8!? (34...Kc7!?)
35. a3 Rb5.
32...Kf8-e7 33. Ke2-d3 Ke7-d6 34. Rc5-a5!
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The Instructor
Mark Dvoretsky
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The Instructor
But not 34. Kd4?, in view of 34...Rb8 35. Ra5 c5+! 36.
Kd3 Rb6.
34...Rc8-a8 35. Kd3-d4
Now Black must think about e3-e4.
Order
School of Chess Excellence,
Volume 2:
Tactical Play
by Mark Dvoretsky
35...f7-f5!? 36. b3-b4
White improves his position,
strengthening his control of
the queenside dark squares.
Now Black must choose a
defensive plan.
36...Ra8-b8?
Too passive! On the next
move, Black’s rook will have
to return to the unenviable role of defender of the a6-
pawn.
The pawn had to be defended by the king:
36...Kc7!
(intending to continue ..Kb6). True, this would distance
the king from the center, whereas the White king, could
advance; but as compensation, the rook would be freed.
And the activity of the rook in rook endgames - is
paramount!
White would probably have replied
37. Kc5 Kb7 38.
Kd6 Re8 39. Ra3
(intending Rc3). In response, Black
should clear the road for his rook along the second rank.
A) 39...f4? is completely wrong, because of 40. ef Re2
41. g4, with f4-f5 to follow. Black cannot defend against
the passed f-pawn, because the pawn at f3 shields it from
the rear.
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The Instructor
B) Levenfish and Smyslov recommend 39..d4!? 40. ed
Re2 41. Rc3 Rxg2 (41...Rd2 42. Rc4) 42. Rxc6 Rxh2 43.
a4 g5. Black prepares Rh6+ or g5-g4. However, by
bringing his rook around behind the g-pawn - 44. Rc7+!
Kb6 45. Rg7! - White retains the advantage, since his
passed d-pawn is quite dangerous.
C)
39...g5!
This simple move has, for some reason, been
overlooked in the endgame books.
40. Rc3 f4 41. ef gf, and Black keeps sufficient counterplay; for example:
42. Rxc6 Rd8+ 43. Kc5 d4 44. Re6 d3 45. Re1 Rg8, with a probable
draw.
40. g3 g4! (here too, 40...d4?! 41. ed Re2 is dubious, in
view of 42. Ra5! [ after 42. Rc3 Rxh2, the c6 pawn is
taboo] 42...h6! 43. a4! [43. Rxf5 Rxa2 44. Rf7+ Kb6 45.
Rc7 Rxh2 46. Rxc6+ Kb5] 43...Rb2 44. Rxf5 Rxb4 45.
Kc5 Rxa4 46. Rf7+, and White has a great advantage]
41. f4 Re4 42. Rc3 Rc4, or 41. fg fg 42. Rc3 Rf8, and
Black’s position is not worse.
37. a2-a3 Rb8-a8
On b6, the rook might even stand worse than it does on
a8.
38. e3-e4!
White has strengthened his queenside as much as he can;
he can achieve no more here (38. a4? Rb8). Therefore,
he executes a
standard technique: enlarging the
battlefield!
After exchanging the central pawns, White’s king will
attack the kingside, while the rook obtains complete
control of the 5th rank.
38...f5xe4 39. f3xe4 d5xe4 40. Kd4xe4 Ra8-a7?
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The Instructor
Black continues to wait and see. Here again, it was
necessary to free the rook from the defense of the pawn,
by sending the king over to b6: 40...Kc7!. In reply,
White should not continue 41. Kf4? Rf8+! 42. Kg3
Kb6=. Levenfish and Smyslov give this continuation: 41.
Re5!? Kb6 42. Re7 a5! 43. Rxh7 ab 44. ab Ra4 45. Rg7
Rxb4+ 46. Kf3 Rh4! 47. h3 Rh6 48. Kg4 c5 49. Kg5
Rh8 50. Rxg6+ Kb5 51. Rg7 c4, followed by ..Rc8.
Perhaps White should try the more restrained 41. h4!?
Kb6 42. g4 (42. Kf4!?) 42...Rf8 43. h5, maintaining his
advantage.
41. Ke4-f4 h7-h6
Otherwise, the king enters decisively at h6: 41...Ra8 42.
Kg5 Ra7 43. Kh6 Ke6 44. g4 and 45. h5 (Levenfish and
Smyslov).
42. h2-h4! Kd6-e6 43. Kf4-g4 Ra7-a8 44. h4-h5! g6-g5
44...gh+ 45. Kxh5 Rg8 46. g4 (Alekhine)
45. g2-g3!
White has created and fixed a new weakness - the h6
pawn. After returning his king to the center, he has taken
the f4-square under control. 45. Kf3 would have been
less accurate, considering 45...Rf8+ 46. Ke4 Rf4+.
45...Ra8-a7 46. Kg4-f3! Ra7-a8 47. Kf3-e4 Ra8-a7 48.
Ke4-d4 Ke6-d6 49. Kd4-e4 Kd6-e6 50. Ra5-e5+! Ke6-
d6
If 50...Kf6, then 51. Rc5 Rc7 52. Ra5 Ra7 53. Kd4 Ke6
54. Kc5 Rd7 55. Rxa6 Rd3 56. Rxc6+ Kf7 57. a4 Rxg3
58. Rxh6 and wins (Levenfish and Smyslov).
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51. Re5-e8 c6-c5
The pawn endgame after 51...Re7+ 52. Rxe7 Kxe7 53.
Ke5 is completely hopeless.
52. Re8-d8+!
Leads to a technical win. White had calculated the continuation 52...Kc7
53. Rh8 cb 54. Rh7+ (of course, 54. ab wins too) 54...Kb8 55. Rxa7 Kxa7
56. ab Kb6 57. Kf5 Kb5 58. Kg6 Kxb4 59. Kxh6 a5 60. Kxg5 a4 61. h6,
winning. And other king retreats lose the c5 pawn.
52...Kd6-c6 53. Rd8-c8+ Kc6-b6 54. Rc8xc5 Ra7-h7
Black’s rook exchanges one post for another; but this
one is no less pathetic than the first.
55. Rc5-e5 Kb6-c6 56. Re5-e6+ Kc6-b5 57. Ke4-f5
Rh7-f7+ 58. Re6-f6
Black resigned.
A few years ago, a similar pawn structure occurred in a
game played by one of my former students, Alexey
Dreev.
Dreev – Chandler
Hastings 1999/2000
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 d5 4. Nc3 Be7 5. Bf4 0-0 6. e3
c5 7. dc Bxc5 8. a3 Nc6 9. cd Nxd5 10. Nxd5 ed 11.
Bd3 Bb6 12. 0-0 Bg4 13. h3 Bh5 14. b4 a6
Black loses a pawn after 14...Qf6? 15. g4 Bg6 16. Bxg6
and 17. Qxd5; but 14...Re8!? was worth considering.
15. Be2!
After the older moves 15. Rc1 or 15. Ra2, Black would
reply 15...d4.
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