Wyklad_1_2014.pdf

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Lecture 1
helix, replicon, operon
1869
Fritz Miescher discovers that the nuclei of pus
cells contain an acidic substance to which he gave the
name 'nuclein'. Later he finds that nuclein is composed
of a protein and a compound to which the name nucleic
acid, and subsequently DNA, will be given.
1871
Discovery of nucleic acids
1910
Genes lie on chromosomes
(TH Morgan
Drosophila)
1913
Chromosomes are linear arrays of genes
1919
Phoebus Aaron Levene proposes the
'tetranucleotide' structure of DNA, whereby the four
bases of DNA were arranged one after another in a set
of four.
1927
Mutations are physical changes in genes
1928
Frederick Griffith finds that a substance in heat-
killed bacteria can cause heritable changes in the live
bacteria alongside them. He calls the phenomenon
'transformation'.
1931
Recombination occurs by crossing over
1938
Rudolf Signer, Torbjorn Caspersson and Einer
Hammarsten find molecular weights for DNA between
500,000 and 1,000,000 daltons. Levene's
tetranucleotide must be a polytetranucleotide.
1944
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn
McCarty establish the chemical identity of Griffith's
transforming principle as DNA, and they suggest that it
may function as the genetic material.
1869
Fritz Miescher discovers that the nuclei of pus
cells contain an acidic substance to which he gave the
name 'nuclein'. Later he finds that nuclein is composed
of a protein and a compound to which the name nucleic
acid, and subsequently DNA, will be given.
1871
Discovery of nucleic acids
1910
Genes lie on chromosomes
(TH Morgan
Drosophila)
1913
Chromosomes are linear arrays of genes
1919
Phoebus Aaron Levene proposes the
'tetranucleotide' structure of DNA, whereby the four
bases of DNA were arranged one after another in a set
of four.
1927
Mutations are physical changes in genes
1928
Frederick Griffith finds that a substance in heat-
killed bacteria can cause heritable changes in the live
bacteria alongside them. He calls the phenomenon
'transformation'.
1931
Recombination occurs by crossing over
1938
Rudolf Signer, Torbjorn Caspersson and Einer
Hammarsten find molecular weights for DNA between
500,000 and 1,000,000 daltons. Levene's
tetranucleotide must be a polytetranucleotide.
1944
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn
McCarty establish the chemical identity of Griffith's
transforming principle as DNA, and they suggest that it
may function as the genetic material.
1869
Fritz Miescher discovers that the nuclei of pus
cells contain an acidic substance to which he gave the
name 'nuclein'. Later he finds that nuclein is composed
of a protein and a compound to which the name nucleic
acid, and subsequently DNA, will be given.
PURINE
1871
Discovery of nucleic acids
1910
Genes lie on chromosomes
1913
Chromosomes are linear arrays of genes
1919
Phoebus Aaron Theodor Levene (
Fishel Aaronovich
Levin
) proposes the 'tetranucleotide' structure of DNA,
whereby the four bases of DNA were arranged one
after another in a set of four.
“tetranucleotide hypothesis”
PIRYMIDYNE
PYRIMIDINE
Phospho-
diester link
N-glycosidic
bond
N-glycosidic
bond
1869
Fritz Miescher discovers that the nuclei of pus
cells contain an acidic substance to which he gave the
name 'nuclein'. Later he finds that nuclein is composed
of a protein and a compound to which the name nucleic
acid, and subsequently DNA, will be given.
PURINE
1871
Discovery of nucleic acids
1910
Genes lie on chromosomes
1913
Chromosomes are linear arrays of genes
1919
Phoebus Aaron Theodor Levene (
Fishel Aaronovich
Levin
) proposes the 'tetranucleotide' structure of DNA,
whereby the four bases of DNA were arranged one
after another in a set of four.
“tetranucleotide hypothesis”
PIRYMIDYNE
PYRIMIDINE
Phospho-
diester link
N-glycosidic
bond
N-glycosidic
bond

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