The French Revolution_wyd-1919.pdf

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THE
FRENCH
REVOLUTION
A
STUDY
IN
DEMOCRACY
BY
NESTA
H.
WEBSTER
"
(MRS.
ARTHUR
WEBSTER)
AUTHOR
OF
"THE
CHEVALIER
DE
BOUFFLERS
<%
cie
—
Saint
Just.
conjurations
etrangeres."
La
revolution populaire
etait
la
surface
d'un
volcan
SECOND
EDITION
LONDON
CONSTABLE
AND
COMPANY
1919
Ltd
lin
PREFACE
Astrologers
;
cycles
Between
these
eras
eras
that
strangely
resemble
one
another.
a
close
affinity
exists,
and
so
it
is
that
we,
in
looking
back
to
the
past
from
the
world
crisis
of
to-day,
realize
that
periods
us
that
the
history
of
the
world
moves
in
that
from
time
to
time
the
same
forces
arise
producing
tell
which
lost
in
times
of
peace
have
soothed
or
thrilled
us
have
now
their
meaning,
that
the
principles
which
inspired
have
no
place
in
our
philosophy.
The
Renaissance
is
is
them
dead
;
the
Reformation
even
the
great
wars
of
bygone
days
seem
dwarfed
by
the
immensity
of
the
recent
conflict.
But
whilst
the
roar
of
battle
dies
down
another
sound
is
heard
the
dead
;
—
that
arose
in
1789
and
that,
though
momentarily
Once
more
we
are
in
the
cycle
hushed,
has
never
lost
its
force.
angry
murmur
of
revolution.
in
turning
over
no
dead
event
the
contemporary
records
of
those
tremendous
days
we
feel
that
we
are
touching
live
things
from
the
yellowed
pages
voices
The
French
Revolution
is
;
;
call
to
us,
voices
that
still
vibrate
them
more
than
a
century
ago
liberty
—
with
the
passions
that
stirred
here
the
desperate
appeal
for
-
and
"
;
justice,
there
the
trumpet
call
of
"
King
and
now
the
story
told
with
tears
of
death
faced
gloriously,
Country
now
a
maddened
scream
of
rage
against
a
fellow-man.
When
in
all
the
history
of
the
world
until
the
present
day
has
human
nature
shown
itself
so
terrible
and
so
sublime
?
And
is
not
the
amazing
epoch
has
ever
since
exercised
over
the
minds
of
men
owing
to
the
fact
that
the
problems
it
held
are
still
unsolved,
that
the
same
movements
which
originated
with
"
What
we
learn
to-day
from
it
are
still
at
work
amongst
us
?
fascination
that
the
study
of
the
Great
Revolution,"
the
anarchist
Prince
"
is
that
it
was
the source
and
origin
Kropotkin
wrote
in
1908,
of
all
the
present
communist,
anarchist,
and
socialist
conceptions."
vi
THE
FRENCH
REVOLUTION
Indeed
Kropotkin
goes
so
far
as
to
declare
that
"
up
till
now,
modern
socialism
has
added
absolutely
nothing
to
the
ideas
that
were
circulating
among
the
French
people
between
1789
and
1794,
and
which
of
the
Republic
it
was
(i.e.
tried
to
put
into
practice
in
the
year
II.
in
the
Reign
of
Terror).
Modern
socialism
has
only
systematised
those
ideas
and
found
arguments
in
their
Now
since
the
French
Revolution
still
remains
favour,"
etc.
the
one
and
only
occasion
in
the
history
of
the
world
when
those
theories
were
put
into
practice
on
a
large
scale,
and
carried
out
to
their
logical
conclusion
for
the
experiment
in
Russia
is
as
yet
unfinished
that
first
surely
worth
while
to
know
the
true
facts
about
So
far,
in
England,
the
truth
is
not
known
;
upheaval.
it
is
—
—
we
have
not
even
been
real
history
of
told
what
really
happened.
"As
to
a
French
Revolution,"
Lord
Cromer
wrote
"
to
me
a
few
months
before
his
death,
no
such
thing
exists
in
the
English
language,
for
Carlyle,
besides
being
often
very
inaccurate
and
prejudiced,
produced
merely
a
philosophical
rhapsody.
It
is
well
worth
reading,
but
it
is
not
history."
Yet
it
is
undoubtedly
on
Carlyle's
rhapsody
that
our
national
con-
the
great
masterpiece
ceptions
of
the
Revolution
are
founded
of
Dickens
was
built
up
on
this
mythological
basis,
whilst
the
old
histories
of
Alison
and
Morse
Stephens,
and
even
the
illumin-
the
;
ating
Essays
of
Croker,
lack
the
power
to
rouse
the
popular
1
Thus
the
legend
created
by
Carlyle
has
never
imagination.
been
dispelled.
During
the
last
few
years
the
French
Revolution
has
become
less
a
subject
for
historical
research
than
the
theme
of
the
popular
journalist
who
sees in
that
lurid
period
material
to
be
written
up
with
profit.
This
being
so,
accuracy
plays
no
part
in
his
scheme.
For
the
art
of
successful
journalism
is
not
English
writer
was
better
acquainted
with
the
dessous
des
cartes
Born
in
1780,
he
of
the
French
Revolution
than
John
Wilson
Croker.
talked
with
people
who
had
taken
part
in
the
movement,
and
spent
many
1
No
years
in
forming
and
studying
the
magnificent
collections
of
revolutionary
pamphlets
that
he
afterwards
sold to
the
British
Museum.
In
18
16
the
publisher,
John
Murray,
offered
him
the
sum
of
2500
guineas
to
write
the
complete
history
of
the
Revolution,
but
Croker
never
found
time
to
do
this,
and
his
Essays,
reprinted
from
the
Quarterly
Review,
are
all
that
he
has
left
us
of
his
stores
of
knowledge.
These,
though
too
controversial
to
appeal
to
the
general
public,
throw
more
light
on
the
hidden
causes
of
the
revolutionary
movement
than
any
book
in
the
English
language.
PREFACE
to
illuminate
the
public
vii
it,
mind
but
to
reflect
to
tell
it
in
even
stronger
terms
what
it
thinks
already,
and
therefore
to
confirm
rather
than
to
dispel
popular
delusions.
But
if
the
Revolution
is
to
be
regarded
as
the
supreme
experiment
in
democracy,
if
its
principles
are to
be
held
up
for
our
admiration
and
its
methods
advocated
as
an
example
to
our
own
people,
is
it
not
time
that
some
effort
were
made
"
"
to
counteract
that
that
in
France
also,
conspiracy
of
history
as
M.
Gustave
Bord
points
it
?
out,
has
hitherto
concealed
the
real
at
last
cease
from
rhapsody
and
consider
the
matter
calmly
and
scientifically
in
its
effects
on
the
people
?
This,
after
all,
is
the
main
issue
how
was
the
experiment
a
success
from
the
people's
point
of
view
?
Strangely
facts
concerning
Shall
we
not
—
enough,
though
it
was
in
their
cause
that
the
Revolution
was
ostensibly
made,
the
people
are
precisely
the
portion
of
the
nation
that
by
Royalist
and
Revolutionary
writers
alike
have
been
most
persistently
overlooked
the
Royalists
occupying
themselves
mainly
with
the
trials
of
the
monarchy
and
aristo-
cracy,
the Revolutionaries
losing
themselves
in
panegyrics
on
the
popular
leaders.
Thus
Michelet
was
a
Dantoniste,
Louis
—
Blanc
a
Robespierriste
Lamartine
was
a
Girondiste
Thiers
and
Mignet
were
Orleanistes,
not
only
as
historians
but
as
politicians,
for
their
exoneration
of
the
Due
d'Orleans
was
only
a
part
of
their
policy
for
placing
his
son
Louis
Philippe
on
the
throne
of
France,
and
consequently
to
all
these
men
the
people
were
a
matter
only
of
secondary
importance.
So
far
no
one
has
written
the
history
of
;
;
—
the
we
point
of
view
of
the
people
themselves.
In
studying
the
Revolution
as
an
experiment
in
democracy,
must
clear
our
minds
of
all
predilections
for
certain
individuals.
movement
from
the
Just
as
the
author
of
a
treatise
on
the
discovery
of
tuberculin
or
on
the
antidote
to
hydrophobia
devotes
no
space
to
recording
the
sufferings
of
the
unhappy
guinea-pigs
and
rabbits
sacrificed
in
the
cause
of
science,
or
in
dilating
on
the
virtuous
private
life
or
Pasteur,
but
concerns
himself
solely
with
the
exact
process
adopted
and
the
symptoms
exhibited
by
the
subjects
with a
view
to
proving
or
disproving
the
efficacy
of
the
serums
of
Koch
employed,
so,
if
we
would
examine
the
Revolution
as
a
scientific
experiment,
King,
noblesse,
and
revolutionary
leaders
alike
must
be
considered
only
in
their
relation
to
the
cause
of
democracy
;
we
must
concern
ourselves
with
the
people
only,
with
the
ills

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