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Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan
Volume 1
Volume 2
Volume 3
Volume 4
Volume 5
Languages of Kohistan
Languages of Northern Areas
Hindko and Gujari
Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri
Languages of Chitral
Series Editor
Clare F. O’Leary, Ph.D.
Sociolinguistic Survey
of
Northern Pakistan
Volume 2
Languages
of
Northern Areas
Peter C. Backstrom
Carla F. Radloff
National Institute of
Pakistani Studies
Quaid-i-Azam University
Summer Institute
of
Linguistics
Copyright © 1992 NIPS and SIL
Published by National Institute of Pakistan Studies,
Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
and
Summer Institute of Linguistics, West Eurasia Office
Horsleys Green, High Wycombe, BUCKS
HP14 3XL United Kingdom
First published 1992
Reprinted 2002
ISBN 969-8023-12-7
Price, this volume: Rs.300/-
Price, 5-volume set: Rs.1500/-
To obtain copies of these volumes within Pakistan, contact:
National Institute of Pakistan Studies
Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Phone: 92-51-2230791
Fax: 92-51-2230960
To obtain copies of these volumes outside of Pakistan, contact:
International Academic Bookstore
7500 West Camp Wisdom Road
Dallas, TX 75236, USA
Phone: 1-972-708-7404
Fax: 1-972-708-7433
Internet:
http://www.sil.org
Email: academic_books@sil.org
R
EFORMATTING FOR REPRINT BY
R. C
ANDLIN
.
CONTENTS
Preface..................................................................................................ix
Maps .....................................................................................................xi
Introduction — Clare F. O’Leary.....................................................xv
Acknowledgments..............................................................................xxi
Balti —
Peter C. Backstrom..................................................................3
1. Introduction..........................................................................3
2. Geographic Location............................................................4
3. A Brief History of Previous Research on Balti ....................5
4. History of the Balti People...................................................5
5. Present Social Conditions ....................................................7
6. Linguistic Setting .................................................................9
7. Dialect Variation ................................................................10
8. Attitudes toward their own Language in General ..............24
9. Attitudes toward Other Languages.....................................25
10. Bilingualism, Language Use and Contact........................25
11. Conclusion .......................................................................27
Burushaski —
Peter C. Backstrom
....................................................31
1. Introduction........................................................................31
2. Geographic Location..........................................................31
3. A Brief History of Previous Research on Burushaski........32
4. History of the Burushaski-speaking People .......................33
5. Present Social Factors ........................................................35
6. Linguistic Setting ...............................................................38
7. Dialect Variation ................................................................38
8. Relative Dominance of Burushaski in Comparison to Other
Languages ..............................................................................48
9. Reported Second Language Proficiency ............................50
10. Second Language Use Choices ........................................51
11. Conclusion .......................................................................53
Wakhi —
Peter C. Backstrom
............................................................57
1. Introduction........................................................................57
2. Geographic Location..........................................................57
3. A Brief History of Previous Research on Wakhi ...............58
4. History of the Wakhi People..............................................59
5. Present Social Factors ........................................................60
6. Linguistic Setting ...............................................................63
7. Regional Variation in the Wakhi Language.......................65
8. Use of Wakhi versus Other Languages..............................70
9. Attitudes toward Wakhi and Other Languages ..................73
10. Conclusion .......................................................................74
Domaaki —
Peter C. Backstrom
........................................................77
1. Introduction........................................................................77
2. Geographic Location and Population.................................77
3. History and Background ....................................................79
4. Classification of Domaaki..................................................80
5. Influence of Burushaski and Shina on Domaaki................80
6. Language Attitudes ............................................................81
7. Language Use.....................................................................82
8. Conclusion .........................................................................83
The Dialects of Shina —
Carla F. Radloff
........................................89
1. Introduction to Shina..........................................................89
2. Methodologies and Locations for Data Collection ..........101
3. Language Identity ............................................................115
4. Patterns of Similarity .......................................................122
5. Patterns of Intelligibility ..................................................151
6. Patterns of Bilingualism and Language Use ....................159
7. Is Gilgiti the Recognized Standard?.................................174
8. Summary and Conclusion ................................................201
Appendix A Methodologies..............................................................207
A.1 Procedure for Counting Lexical Similarity ...................207
A.2 Recorded Text Testing ..................................................215
Appendix B Balti Survey Data ........................................................219
B.1 Word Lists .....................................................................219
B.2 Text................................................................................234
B.3 Balti Questionnaire........................................................238
Appendix C Burushaski Survey Data.............................................243
C.1 Word Lists .....................................................................243
C.2 Burushaski Texts ...........................................................261
C.3 Burushaski Questionnaire..............................................270
Appendix D Wakhi survey data .....................................................273
D.1 Word Lists.....................................................................273
D.2 Wakhi Text....................................................................285
D.3 Wakhi Questionnaire.....................................................288
Appendix E Domaaki Survey Data ................................................293
E.1 Domaaki Word List .......................................................293
E.2 Domaaki Questionnaire .................................................296

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