Complex Engineered Systems.pdf

(7362 KB) Pobierz
Springer Complexity
Springer Complexity is a publication program, cutting across all traditional disciplines
of sciences as well as engineering, economics, medicine, psychology and computer sci-
ences, which is aimed at researchers, students and practitioners working in the field of
complex systems. Complex Systems are systems that comprise many interacting parts
with the ability to generate a new quality of macroscopic collective behavior through
self-organization, e.g., the spontaneous formation of temporal, spatial or functional
structures. This recognition, that the collective behavior of the whole system cannot
be simply inferred from the understanding of the behavior of the individual compo-
nents, has led to various new concepts and sophisticated tools of complexity. The main
concepts and tools – with sometimes overlapping contents and methodologies – are the
theories of self-organization, complex systems, synergetics, dynamical systems, turbu-
lence, catastrophes, instabilities, nonlinearity, stochastic processes, chaos, neural net-
works, cellular automata, adaptive systems, and genetic algorithms.
The topics treated within Springer Complexity are as diverse as lasers or fluids in
physics, machine cutting phenomena of workpieces or electric circuits with feedback
in engineering, growth of crystals or pattern formation in chemistry, morphogenesis in
biology, brain function in neurology, behavior of stock exchange rates in economics, or
the formation of public opinion in sociology. All these seemingly quite different kinds
of structure formation have a number of important features and underlying structures
in common. These deep structural similarities can be exploited to transfer analytical
methods and understanding from one field to another. The Springer Complexity pro-
gram therefore seeks to foster cross-fertilization between the disciplines and a dialogue
between theoreticians and experimentalists for a deeper understanding of the general
structure and behavior of complex systems.
The program consists of individual books, books series such as “Springer Series in
Synergetics”, “Institute of Nonlinear Science”, “Physics of Neural Networks”, and “Un-
derstanding Complex Systems”, as well as various journals.
Understanding Complex Systems
Series Editor
J.A. Scott Kelso
Florida Atlantic University
Center for Complex Systems
Glades Road
777
Boca Raton, FL
33431-0991,
USA
Understanding Complex Systems
Future scientific and technological developments in many fields will necessarily depend upon coming to grips
with complex systems. Such systems are complex in both their composition (typically many different kinds of
components interacting with each other and their environments on multiple levels) and in the rich diversity of
behavior of which they are capable. The Springer Series in Understanding Complex Systems series (UCS) pro-
motes new strategies and paradigms for understanding and realizing applications of complex systems research
in a wide variety of fields and endeavors. UCS is explicitly transdisciplinary. It has three main goals: First, to
elaborate the concepts, methods and tools of self-organizing dynamical systems at all levels of description and
in all scientific fields, especially newly emerging areas within the Life, Social, Behavioral, Economic, Neuro-
and Cognitive Sciences (and derivatives thereof); second, to encourage novel applications of these ideas in
various fields of Engineering and Computation such as robotics, nano-technology and informatics; third, to
provide a single forum within which commonalities and differences in the workings of complex systems may
be discerned, hence leading to deeper insight and understanding. UCS will publish monographs and selected
edited contributions from specialized conferences and workshops aimed at communicating new findings to a
large multidisciplinary audience.
New England Complex Systems Institute
Book Series
——————————————————
Series Editor
Dan Braha
New England Complex Systems Institute
24
Mt. Auburn St.
Cambridge, MA
02138,
USA
New England Complex Systems Institute Book Series
The world around is full of the wonderful interplay of relationships and emergent behav-
iors. The beautiful and mysterious way that atoms form biological and social systems
inspires us to new efforts in science. As our society becomes more concerned with how
people are connected to each other than how they work independently, so science has
become interested in the nature of relationships and relatedness. Through relationships
elements act together to become systems, and systems achieve function and purpose.
The study of complex systems is remarkable in the closeness of basic ideas and prac-
tical implications. Advances in our understanding of complex systems give new opp-
ortunities for insight in science and improvement of society. This is manifest in the
relevance to engineering, medicine, management and education. We devote this book
series to the communication of recent advances and reviews of revolutionary ideas and
their application to practical concerns.
D. Braha A.A. Minai Y. Bar-Yam (Eds.)
Complex Engineered
Systems
Science Meets Technology
With
112
Figures
ABC
Dan Braha
University of Massachusetts
Charlton School of Business
North Dartmouth, MA
02747-2300
USA
Email: dbraha@umassd.edu
Yaneer Bar-Yam
New England Complex Systems Institute
Mt. Auburn St.
24
Cambridge, MA
02138-3068
USA
Email: yaneer@necsi.org
Ali A. Minai
University of Cincinnati
Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering, and Computer Science
P.O.Box
210030,
Rhodes Hall
814
Cincinnati, OH
45221-0030
USA
Email: Ali.Minai@uc.edu
This volume is part of the NECSI Studies on Complexity collection.
Library of Congress Control Number:
2006923901
ISSN
1860-0840
ISBN-10
3-540-32831-9
Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
ISBN-13
978-3-540-32831-5
Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is con-
cerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, repro-
duction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts
thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September
9, 1965,
in its
current version. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.
Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media
springer.com
c
NECSI Cambridge/Massachusetts
2006
Printed in The Netherlands
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply,
even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and
regulations and therefore free for general use.
A
Typesetting: by the authors and techbooks using a Springer L TEX macro package
Cover design:
design & production
GmbH, Heidelberg
Printed on acid-free paper
SPIN:
11598190
54/techbooks
543210
New England Complex Systems Institute
President
Yaneer Bar-Yam
New England Complex Systems Institute
24 Mt. Auburn St.
Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
For over 10 years, The New England Complex Systems Institute (NECSI) has been in-
strumental in the development of complex systems science and its applications. NECSI
conducts research, education, knowledge dissemination, and community development
around the world for the promotion of the study of complex systems and its application
for the betterment of society.
NECSI was founded by faculty of New England area academic institutions in
1996
to further international research and understanding of complex systems. Complex sys-
tems is a growing field of science that aims to understand how parts of a system give
rise to the system’s collective behaviors, and how it interacts with its environment. These
questions can be studied in general, and they are also relevant to all traditional fields of
science.
Social systems formed (in part) out of people, the brain formed out of neurons,
molecules formed out of atoms, and the weather formed from air flows are all examples
of complex systems. The field of complex systems intersects all traditional disciplines
of physical, biological and social sciences, as well as engineering, management, and
medicine. Advanced education in complex systems attracts professionals, as complex
systems science provides practical approaches to health care, social networks, ethnic
violence, marketing, military conflict, education, systems engineering, international de-
velopment and terrorism.
The study of complex systems is about understanding indirect effects. Problems
we find difficult to solve have causes and effects that are not obviously related. Pushing
on a complex system “here” often has effects “over there” because the parts are inter-
dependent. This has become more and more apparent in our efforts to solve societal
problems or avoid ecological disasters caused by our own actions. The field of complex
systems provides a number of sophisticated tools, some of them conceptual helping us
think about these systems, some of them analytical for studying these systems in greater
depth, and some of them computer based for describing, modeling or simulating them.
NECSI research develops basic concepts and formal approaches as well as their
applications to real world problems. Contributions of NECSI researchers include stud-
ies of networks, agent-based modeling, multiscale analysis and complexity, chaos
and predictability, evolution, ecology, biodiversity, altruism, systems biology, cellular
response, health care, systems engineering, negotiation, military conflict, ethnic vio-
lence, and international development.
NECSI uses many modes of education to further the investigation of complex sys-
tems. Throughout the year, classes, seminars, conferences and other programs assist

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika:

Zgłoś jeśli naruszono regulamin