Introduction to Mechatronics System.pdf

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Vol. 1, 2006
INTRODUCTION
TO MECHATRONICS SYSTEMS
J.K. Gera
Deptt. of Mechanical Engineering
Background
The current technological designs are highly complex and interdisciplinary in nature involving
synergistic integration of many aspects of engineering knowledge base. The integration of various
theories, principles , techniques, methodologies and standards to cater to the pressing needs have long
been emerging as new multi-disciplinary subject in the name of mechatronics, which has been attracting
not only manufacturers but also engineers, developers, researchers and academicians.
Advanced technological designs are highly complex and interdisciplinary nature involving synergistic
integration of mechatronics, photonics, computronics and communication. Technological designs have
become a high risk endeavor due to the lack of knowledge and experience on interdisciplinary subjects
and methods. Synergetic integration is solitarily logic based integration. Combined action and
cooperation increases effectiveness and productivity.
Definition
Mechatronics is “the synergistic integration of Mechanical Engineering with Electronics and intelligent
control algorithms in the design and manufacture of products process”. Synergistic integration means
the mechatronic engineers have to study the aspects of engineering that are vital for the design and
manufacture of products, process. A graphical representation of Mechatronics is shown Fig. 1
The main technical areas under the research and development domain mechatronics are:
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Motion control
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Robotics
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Automotive systems
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Intelligent control
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Vol. 1, 2006
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Actuators and sensors
Modeling and design
System integration
Manufacturing
Micro devices and optoelectronics
Vibrations and noise control
Figure 2 provides an abstract view of the mechatronic discipline. The square like block represents the
subject areas the discipline includes and the semicircular projections represent that there exists
interaction among the subjects emphasizing multidisciplinary scenario.
Figure 2-Detailed layout of basic Mechatronics
Evolution of Mechatronics
Mechatronics has evolved through the following stages:
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Primary Level Mechatronics:
Integrates electrical signaling with mechanical action at the
basic control level for e.g.fluid valves and relay switches
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Secondary Level Mechatronics:
Integrates microelectronics into electrically controlled devices
for e.g. cassette tape player.
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Tertiary Level Mechantronics:
Incorporates advanced control strategy using microelectronics,
microprocessors and other application specific integrated circuits for e.g. microprocessor based
electrical motor used for actuation purpose in robots.
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Quaternary Level Mechatronics:
This level attempts to improve smartness a step ahead by
introducing intelligence ( artificial neutral network and fuzzy logic ) and fault detection and
isolation ( F.D.I.) capability into the system.
Scope of Mechatronics
The definition of mechatronics is elusive, as is the definition of computer. The scope of Mechatronics
is vast and can be enclosed within the following domain of activities:
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Marketing:
Signifies market research, identification of user needs, information analysis and
formulation of product specification.
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Manufacturing:
Looks into process development, production planning, material handling and
quality control.
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Design:
The concentration is on studying fundamental aspects of sensors, actuators, control
and integration methods. Broadly the core of a mechatronics system incorporates Mechanical,
Electronics, Control and Information system engineering.
Mechatronic Systems
Mechatronic system have become increasingly popular because of their versality, functionality and
high integration level. Examples of mechatronic system are :
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An aircraft flight control and navigation system, weapon system
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Automobile electronic fuel injection, antilock brake systems, collision detection, global
positioning system, camless valve operation, active suspension, by wire systems etc.
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Automated manufacturing equipment such as robots and numerically controlled (NC) machine
tools., autonomous guided vehicles ( A.G.V.).
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Smart kitchen and home appliances such as bread machines and clothes washing machines, and
even toys.
Photocopying machine , automatic cash machine , music system, and video player.
Figure 3 – Scope of Mechatronics
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Fig. 4 Mechatronic System
Fig. 5 Elements of Mechatronic System
The elements of a typical Mechatronics system are shown in Fig. 5
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The actuators produce motion or cause some action.
The sensors detect the state of system parameters, inputs, and outputs devices
Digital devices control the system.
Conditioning and interfacing circuits provide connections between the control circuits and the
input/output devices.
Graphical displays provide visual feedback to users.
Mechatronics as Design Philosophy
It is “a design philosophy” where mechanical, electrical, electronics components, and it should be
considered together in the design stage to obtain an compact, efficient, and economic product design
rather than designing the components in stages separately. This is illustrated in fig. 6
Fig. 6 Conventional and Modern Design Approaches
Design trends in mechatronics are oriented to reduction of hardware parts of the systems and increasing
the software option volume to improve of the system functionality and system reliability. Typical
aspects of the mechatronics area are the applications of new physical principles, (smart) materials,
electronic and microelectronic systems, complex computing and controlling technologies and
progressive production processes.
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Department of Mechanical Engineering

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