Bithos G.P., Methodios I patriarch of Constantinople.pdf

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METHODIOS I PATRIARCH O F C O N S T A N T I N O P L E
Churchman, Politician and Confessor for the Faith
Submitted by
George P. Bithos B S DDS
University of Durham
Department of Theology
A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
Orthodox Theology and Byzantine History
2001
The copyright of this thesis rests with
the author. No quotation from it should
be published in any form, including'
Electronic and the Internet, without the
author's prior written consent
All
information derived from this thesis
must be acknowledged appropriately.
Professor Andrew Louth
Chair and Supervisor
2)
Z
2 MAR 2002
Abstract
George P. Bithos B S DDS
University of Durham
Department of Theology
Ph.D. Orthodox Theology and Byzantine History
2001
Methodios I Patriarch of Constantinople
Churchman, Politician, and Confessor for the Faith
The chapter concerning the life and times of Methodios, Patriarch of
Constantinople, begins with a summary of the history of the iconoclastic
controversy. This provides the background for a review of Methodios' vita.
A native of Syracuse in Sicily, he became a central figure in the victory of
the iconodules over the forces of iconoclasm. Methodios was the Patriarch
of Constantinople (843 - 847).
The Triumph of Orthodoxy, over which Methodios presided, commemorated
the victory of icon supporters. The Sunday of Orthodoxy services are
examined and the Synodicon's content is analysed.
The third chapter discusses the consequences of the restoration of images.
This period of stabilisation and strengthening of the Church was,
nonetheless, fraught with turmoil and controversy. The re-integration of the
former iconoclasts and a schism from the Studite monks were two serious
challenges the Patriarch faced during this time.
The formation of Methodios' ecclesiology, his concept of the Church,
including his sense of place in and responsibility for the Tradition of the
Church were significant in his thinking. The synergy of Paradosis and
Parakatatheki is explored and it will be shown that Methodios considered
himself accountable to God for his ecclesial trust.
His literary works are catalogued and analysed.
Some previously
unpublished compositions are discussed. The categories of hagiographic,
poetic and liturgical compositions are emphasised. This is undertaken to
reveal Methodios, both the dedicated iconodule but more importantly, the
man. Finally, conclusions and thoughts concerning the legacy of Patriarch
Methodios within Orthodoxy and history are offered.
V
Figure
1:
- Icon of the SUNDAY of ORTHODOXY (used by permission of British Library)
I
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Figures
Declaration and Copyright Statement
Acknowledgements
Dedication
In Memoriam
Introduction
1 Life and Times
Sources
Background: The Genesis
of Iconoclasm
Onset of Christian Iconoclasm
Iconoclasm Phase One
Leo V and the Re-appearance
of Iconoclasm
Methodios - The Life
Methodios - The Confessor
2 Triumph of Orthodoxy
Synod of Election and the First
Sunday of Orthodoxy
The Synodicon
The Canon of the Sunday
of Orthodoxy
3 The Consequences of the Restoration of Icons
After the Triumph
A Storm of Criticism
Methodios and the Studites
4 The Development and Influences of Methodian Ecclesiology
Ecclesiology Introduced
Patriarch Germanos
Tarasios and Nicaea II
Nikephoros and Theodore the
Studite face Iconoclasm II
Synergy of Paradosis and Parakatatheki
vi
vii
viii
ix
x
1
7
8
10
16
47
64
72
81
91
100
132
157
174
176
204
207
215
224
245
iv
5 Literary Harvest
Introduction
Polemic Writings
Canonical Works
Hagiographical Writing
The Vitae
Poems and Liturgical Writings
6 Conclusions and The Methodian Legacy
Epilogue
Appendix I
Appendix II - List of Figures
List of Patriarchs, Popes and Emperors
Bibliography
253
258
261
263
290
323
357
362
363
365
366
368
v

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