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FYS3240

PC-based instrumentation and microcontrollers

Microcontroller basics

Spring 2013 – Lecture #4

Bekkeng, 8.1.2013

Lab: AVR Studio

•

Microcontrollers can be programmed using Assembly or C

language

•

AVR studio 5

– Works as editor for Assembly and C

– Integrated C-compiler (AVR-GCC)

http://www.avrfreaks.net/

Microcontroller (µC or uC)

• Microcontrollers have:

– CPU

– Memory

– I/O

• Microcontroller characteristics:

– Used for control and measurements (not a general-purpose

computer)

– Does one task and runs one program continuously

– Low power (e.g. 50 mW vs. 50 W or more for a PC)

– Don’t have keyboard and monitor jacks (example of an embedded

system)

– Must use ports to perform I/O

• Selecting a microcontroller

– Should be appropriately scaled for the job

Microprocessors vs. Microcontrollers

CISC vs. RISC

CISC

(Complex Instruction Set Computer)

– Many modern microcontrollers are based on the CISC concept.

– The typical CISC microcontroller has well over 80 instructions, many very

powerful and specialised.

– The advantages of the CISC architecture is that many of the instructions are

‘macro-like’, allowing the programmer to use one instruction in place of many.

RISC

(Reduced Instruction Set Computer)

– The benefits of RISC design simplicity are a smaller chip, smaller pin count, and

very low power consumption.