028 WAR MACHINE.pdf

(49474 KB) Pobierz
Australia:
Back numbers
are
obtainable
from WAR
MACHINE Back Numbers,
Gor-
don
&
Gotch (Aus)
LtO,
1
'14
William
Street.
PO Box
767G. Melbourne.
Vic 3001.
South Africa,
Europe,
Malta and
New
Zealand:
Back numbers
are
available
at
cover price from your Newsagent.
In case
of
difficulty
wrile
to
the
address
in
your
country given
for
binders. South
African
readers should add sales tax.
How
to
obtain
binders
for
WAR
Volume3
Issue
28
Reconnaissance
Aircraft
DassaultBreEet
Mirage
IIIR
Dassault-Bregret Mirage
F,
CONTENTS
Strategic and
Tactical
ICR
MACHINE
UK
&
Eire:
Send
a
cheque or Postal Order
for
$3.95
per
binder (incl
p &
p) payable to
Orbis
Publishing
Lld
to WAF
MACHINE
Binders,
Orbis
House,
20-22
Bedlordbury,
London
WC2N
4BT
Europe:
Write
with
remittance
of
f5.00
per
binder (incl
p &
p)
payable
to
Orbis
Pub-
lishing
Ltd
to
WAR MACHINE
Binders,
Orbis House,
2O-22
BedIordlxry,
London
WC2N
4BT,
542
542
543
544
SEPECATJaEU
BACCanbena
AeritaliaG9lR
Grumman0V-l Mohawk
lockheed
F- 104
Stufighter
Consultant
Editor:
Major
General Sir
Jeremy Moore
KCB OBE
MC, Comman-
der
of
British
Land
Forces
during
the
Falklands campaign.
1
are
obtainable through
your
local Newsagent, price
f3.95. ln
case of
difficulty write
to
WAR
N.4ACHINE
Binders.
Mlller
(Malta) Ltd, M.A. Vassalli Street,
Val-
letta,
Malta.
Australia:
Fordetails
of
how to obtain
your
binders see
inserts
in early issues or
write
to WAR MACHINE
Binders,
First Post
Pty
Malta:
Binders
5843
544
545
546
547
548
548
554
554
556
558
558
559
559
560
Printed
in
Great B'itain ovThe Artisan
Press
Ltd
Ltd, 23 Chandos Street, St Leonards, NSW
2065. The binders supplied are
those
illus-
trated in the
magazine.
New Zealand:
Binders are
available
through your
local
Newsagent orf
rom
WAR
lockheedU-?TR-l
lockheedSR-?lA
L,ockheed SR-?I in
Action
Distribution and marketing
offices:
Orbis
PuClishing Ltd
Orbis
Ho:se
2G22 Bedi:rdcuru
MACHINE Binders, Gordon
&
Gotch
(NZ)
Ltd.
PO
Box
1594. Wellinqton.
South
Africa:
Binders
are Svailable
through
any
branch
of
Central News Agency.
ln
case
of
difficulty
write
ro
wAR
MACHINE
Bin-
Reconnaissurce
Sensors
McDonnell
Douglas
RF-4
Phantom
Reconnaissance
over
the Battlefi
eld
Londc.
\\C2N
4BT
Teiec:cre:
31.
-379
67
1
ders, lntermag,
PO Box 57394, Springfield
1
Circulation Director:
David Breed
Marketing Director:
Michae{ Joyce
WAR MACHINE
SA
Ri.9a
S
da
51
.95
2137.
NortluopRF-S
Saab3SDraken
Saab-ScaniaViggen
PriceLKEic
:i-
-g::.:'=
Sr
50.
USA
AusSl .95.N2$2.25.
and Cana-
How
to
obtain your
copies
of
WAR
Note:
Binders
and
Back Numbers
are
obtainable
subject
to
availability
of
stocks.
Whilst every attempt is
made
to
keep
the
price
of the
issues and binders
constant,
the publishers reserve
the
right
to
increase
the
stated
prices
at
any
time when
cir-
cumstances
dictate.
Binders depicted
in
this
publication are
those
produced
for the
UK
market only
and
may
not
necessarily
be
identical
to
binders produced
for
sale
outside
the
UK. Binders and issues may
be
subject
to
import duty
and
/or
local taxes,
which
are
not included
in
the
above prices
unless stated.
Mikoyan-Gwevich
MiG-2
lR'Fishbed'
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-2SR'Foxbat'
Armed
Forces
of the World
FrenchNavy
Published by
Orbis
Publishing Ltd
@Aerospace
Publishing
Ltd
1984
Colour
profiles,
diagrams and
cutaway
drawings
O
Pilot Press
Ltd
tu
MACHlltlE:
Ccc
ss
:':
.c:arl3ble
by
plac-
inga
re-o-
a-a-:e'3:.c*r\eirsagent,
orby
taking
c,t
3
s-:s:-c:
3-
Subscription
Rates
For six
rc^:-s
2i
ss-es
a23.30: ior
one
yeat
\42
ss:es
ill 8l
Se-:
,3i:
order
Editorial:
Trisha Palmer
Chris
Bishop
Design:
Rod Teasdale
Colour
Origination:
lmago Publishing
Thame,
Oxon
Chris Chant
Vilton
vices,
l'!:--
-; S:'::: l:::-
Keynes
3-:<s t,'\-:
2:,'.
:€
=r,
s..r.e
io
^:
statethe
^--:€'a'---='-s:
ss-a
-eJ-
red.
Back
Numbers
UK
& Erc:
l=:. ---::-=
:=.=-aa
2
='=
frorr
rc-..":.'.=:::-: :-'':-
.',-:
4BT
3:
and
rer:a-:€ ::
tr--:^
S-:s:-
i:'ol
Ser-
Ltd,
MACI-
\:3::<'.--:e-=
Lirn'tec
2:-22l:::-::,-.
::,e-
:-:.
l=
:
r-:
:-
-:
-:-::-
,'.
12'i
The
WAR
MACHINE published
by
Orbis
Publishing
Ltd
has no connection
with
the
WAR MACHINE published
by
Emjay, The
latter is a
magazine
devoted
to
computer
simulation gaming
and
further
information
end subscription details can
be
obtained
f'cni
Emjay,
17
Langbank
Avenue,
Rise
5::<,
Nottingham
NG5
58U,
England.
Editorial
Offices
War
Machine
Aerospace
Publishing Ltd
10
Barley
Mow
Passage
London
W4
4PH
Typesetting:
SX
Composing
Ltd
Film
work:
Precise
Litho
Ltd
Keith
Fretwell
Keith
Woodcock
Artists:
Pic'ture
achowledgements
Managing Editor:
Stan
Morse
CospbotograpL,c:r:: s{I:-:rr:e: -:-r:a:::: 5',12:a=::-::::r:.:tsrlt
Breguet 54ili
Pe:ga
-::::
l.:r::-.:.
?:::l
-rs;:
::.=-r::
$*t
l::
-:,
1.1::
545:
-:-::-:-
l:ji,--
546;
Grume
54?:
-S-r:::::: -:
5,18:,i:!a---:
$(L-::!=-r
552:-:':a--:-c:a3si
553:Lockheed
=:::::
555::.1:'
l,:r,-:le-
lar:: 55!L;:: -i-.-
(ii+
-:-.::-;::
(IV):
-:-::.-rle.
--
$rcilesic
andldcfical
Aircraft
Recowraissance
has
played an
important
part
in recent
warfare,
and the
battles
of
tomonow will
rely
even
more on
this
branch
of the
aerial
forces. Recowtaissance
aircraft
have
had
to find
ways
to
ovetcome
constant
developmentsin
anti-afucraft
systems
by
means
of
speed and
coutttermeaswes.
It
rs a
truism
that
one
of
the
prime
requisrtes
in
wagrng
war
successfully
rs
Reconnaissclnce
Pos
s
ib
ly
the mosl
sinrster
siape
in
the
sky today,
theSR-71
represents
the
height
of
technology,
showing
how
'ii
:
#:ti,2:;?
*"na;ssance
rs
ro
Wlthout doubt the
most
impressive
strategic reconnaissance
tool
is
the
Lockheed
SR-71A
'Blackbird',
a
type
which
is
studied
in this
survey
since
it
can
also
contribute significantly to the
nearterm
view,
more
generally
the
domain
of
tactical
reconnaissance
types
such as
the
McDonnell
Douglas
RF-4C Phantom,
Mikoyan-Gurevich
MiG-2
1
R'Fish-
predominantly with acquiring intelhgence relating
to
events
on
the
field
of battle,
Improvements
in aircraft performance
have
been
matched to a de-
gree
by
improvements
in
reconnaissance systems,
but
many readers
wlll probably
be
surprised
to
learn
that the trusty
camera
shooting
black
and
white film
is
still the
most
universally used tool
rn
conveying
intelli-
gence
to
field commanders.
In
an
era
when
the
video
camera
is
king, this
is
particularly surprising
although, in fairness,
it
should
be pointed
out
that the
cameras employed
are
rather different from
the
average
house-
hold
'instamatic',
whilst
vigorous efforts
are being directed
towards
finding
alternative methods of both obtaining and circulating
recon-
naissance
data.
Finally, however, strategic and tactical reconnaissance aircraft com-
plement each other
in
ascertaining the 'big picture',
and
neither should
be
neglected
in favour
of
the other or
as
a
short-term sop
to those
who
seek
to
restrict
defence spending, In
its
simplest terms,
trying
to
wage
peace
or war with a
lack
ol
qood
reconnaissance
and
intelligence
facilities
equates
closely
to
the
blindfolded
man
searching
for
a
black cat
in
a
darkened
room:
he
knows it
is
there somewhere, but
he
is
not
sure
just where,
From
the
same
sfable
as fIe.SR
-7
I
is the Lockheed
TR-
I
.
Derived {rom the
earlier
U-2,
its
role
has
changed
from strategic
to
tactical
reconnaissance
from
a
stand-off
positionon
theNATO
side
of Warsaw
Pactfrontiers.
bed' and
Dassault-Bregnret
Mirage
IIIR,
all
of which are
concerned
that of knowrng what your
opponents' rntentrons
are, precisely
what
forces he
has at
his disposal and, perhaps more importantly, how they
are
dispersed,
Such information,
collectively known as
'lntelligence',
can be obtained in
a
varlety
of ways,
one
of the most
effectlve methods
now in
use
being
aerial reconnaissance,
which
is
a
much more diverse
subject
than
might
at
first
be
thought.
For
a start,
aerial reconnaissance falls into two main
areas of
activity,
namely
strateglc and
tactical, and can
be
accomplished
in
any one
of
several
diflerent
ways
by
a
variety
of tools, Since
rt
is
more
concerned
with
the long-term
picture,
strategic reconnaissance
is
now
very
much
the
preserve
of
what
are
euphemistrcally known
as 'spy satellttes',
and
there
is
as
yet
no
effective
means
olcountering
these although the
US
Air
Force
is
worklng
on an
anti-satellite missile and one
must
presume
that
Soviet efforts
at
perfecting
similar devices
are not
lagging
far
behind, In
addltion, however, strateglc reconnaissance
can be, and most
emphati-
cally
is
being,
accomplished
by
manned aircraft,
Few of the
types
engaged in
such
duty are
examined
here
since much of
their
mission
entails
'snooping' and
listening
out for
Elint (electronic
intelligence)
and
Sigint (signals
rntelligence). In
the
US
Air
Force
thts
rs
mainly
accom-
plished
by
variants
of the
Boeing
C-135
Stratotanker
whilst the
Soviet
Union
generally
employs converted
bomber
types
such
as
the Tirpolev
Tu-16
'Badge/
and
Tu-95 'Bear',
and in the
UK
there
is
the BAe
Nimrod
RMK
I.
m
ijXtt"uft-Bresruet
Mirase
IIIR
As
well
as
receiving Mirage
I I
I
interceptors,
P
akistan
al
s
o
purchased
I
3
Mirage
IIIRP
r
e
co nn
ai
s s
an
ce
v
a
fi
an
ts,
distingruished
by
the
redesigmed
nose
housing variou
s
forw ard,
downw
ar
d
and sidew
ays-
looking
Evolved from
the
deflnitive
Mirage
IIIE tactical strike fighter,
the
Dassaul!
Breguet
Mirage IIIR first
flew in
pro-
totype form
on
3l
October
1961,
with
production aircraft
beginnin.g
to
re-
place the Republic
RF-B4F
Thunderf-
lash
in
Arm6e
de
l'Air
service
at Stras-
bourg
dulng
the
course
of
1963,
all
three
escadrons
of
the
parent wing
eventually converting
by
the
mid-
1960s,
camefas.
acquired
by
the
French
air
force,
An initial batch
of
50
aircraft was
Dassault
Mirage
IIIR of
3f
Escadre,
Arm6e
de
l'Air,
based
atStrasbourg. This
unit
has
now
re-equipped
with
F.
I CRs.
these
subsequently
beingjoined
by
20
examples
of
the
Mirage
IIIRD, this lat-
ter vadant featuring
a
number
ofdetarl
changes
over the
orlgnnal
production
model,
such
as
an
improved navigation
radar,
These aircraft
are now
being
progrressively
replaced by the newer
Mirage
reconnarssance
derivatives of fighter
aucraft,
the Mirage IIIR
has
a
rede-
signed
nose section, deletion
of
the
Cyrano
il
fire-control
radar
permitting
the
installation
of
up to
five
cameras
for
Like
most
photographic-
F,
]CR,
armed
reconnaissance missions to
be
undertaken,
the Mirage IIIR
can be
equipped with
turo
30-mm DEFA can-
day
or
night
operation, To permit
non,
and it
is also
able
to
carry various
types ofordnance underwing,
the
pilot
being provided
lnth
a reflector
gmn
sight
and
low-altitude bombing system
equipment
to
assrst rn
weapons
deliv-
in addition
to
those
aircraft
acquired
for
semce
wrth the Prench air
force,
reconnaissance models of the
Muage
have found favour
overseas,
close
to
100
being built
for
the export
market,
These
rnclude
variants of
the Muage
IIIR for
Pakrstan
(13
Mirage
IIIRP au-
craft),
South
Africa
(eight Mirage IIIRZ
aucraft) and
Switzerland
(I8
Mirage
IIIRS aucra-ft) plus
numerous examples
of
recomaissance-configmred
Mirage
5s,
the
latter
being
a
srnplified Muage
intended specrfically for export,
Cus-
tomers for the
Mirage
5R
include Abu
Dhabi,
Belgium, Colombia,
Egypt,
Gabon and
Libya which behveen them
have
taken delivery
of
approximately
50
aircraft,
most
of
which
are strll in use
today,
Specification
MirageIIIR
Type: single-seat
tactlcal
reconnaissance
aircraft
Powerplant:
one
SNECMA Atar 9C
turbojet rated
at
6200-kg (13,6701b)
afterburning thrust
Performance: maximum speed
at
sea
level
1390
knrh
(863
mph)
or
Mach
1.
14;
maximum speed
at
altitude
2350
ka'/h
(
1,460
mph)
or
Mach
2.2;
range
in
clean condition about
1600
krn
(i,000 miles); ferry range
rmth
tull
external
fueI4000
lcn
(2,485
miles)
Weights: empty
6600
ks
(
14,550
1b);
maximum take-otr
13500
kg
(29,760
lb)
Dimensions:
span
8.22
m
(27 ft 0
in);
length
15,50
m
(50
ft
107+
in);
height
4.25 m
(i3
ft
I
l7z
in);
wing area
35,00 mz (377
sq
ft)
Mirage
IIIR
progtamme,
involving removing
the
nose
fire
control radar
(Cyrano
II) and
replacing
this
with caneras
.
The
airframe
was
the same as
fie
s
tandard
m
ode
I,
and
w
e
apons
can
be
carried.
the
This
is
the
development aircraft
for
n
has
$Xs""rt-Breguet
Mirage
F.lcR
market, customers
including
Ecuador,
Greece,
Iraq,
Jordan,
Kuwait,
Libya,
Morocco,
South
Africa and
Sparn, It
variants
of
the
Mirage
F,
I
as
Flown
for
the
first time
in
prototype
form shortly before
Christmas
Day
1966,
the Dassault-Breguet
Mirage
F.l
the Mirage
III
which preceded
proved
to
be
almost
versatile
as
it,
seems
likely
that
manufacture ol
being able
to
undertake
a
multip[city
of
mrssions
including arr
superiority,
tactical strike,
ground-attack
and,
more
recently. tactical
reconnarss-
ance,
until at
least
1987,
several hundred
now being on order
or
in
service
throughout the
world.
will
continue
were produced
for
test
duties, the flrst
malong
its
maiden
flight
on
20
Novem-
ber
1981.
These
two
machines
are
being
followed
by
62
production
ex-
amples, dehveries
olthe
first
to
the
33e
Escadre having
begnrn
fairly
recently,
Mission-related equipment includes
Thus far, the
reconnaissance vanant
ordered
for
expoit
but,
in
view
of past sales
successes,
it
wou]d
seem reasonable
to assume
that
some
has
not
been
overseas customers
will
acquire
this
model in due
course,
The
specialized
reconnaissance
initiai
production examples
of
the
basic
F.
lC
all-weather interceptor
model entered service
with
the
French air force during the
course
of
1973
and this
type
has also
met with
considerable
success
on the
export
542
model
is
the
Mirage
F.ICR, and
thts is
now
rn
process of
replacing the
50
or
so
Mrrage
IIIR/RD
aircraft whrch
equip
the
33'
Escadre
at
Strasbourq,
the
French au
force's sole
tactical
recon-
naissance
unit. Selected
in
February
1979,
two
Mirage
F,
ICR
prototypes
together
with
an
infra-red
sensor,
whtle
additional
electromagmetic or
optical
sensors
can
be
housed
in
an
external
pod
fitted
beneath
the
air-
craft's
belly, Air-to-air missiles
can also
OMERA cameras
carried
intemally
Specification
MirageF.lCR
Type: single-seat
tactical
reconnaissance
aircraft
Powerplant:
one
SNECMA Atar
9K-50
turbojet rated
at
7200-kq
(I5,873tb)
afterburning thrust
Performance: maximum speed
at
sea
level
1475
krnh
(917
mph)
or
Mach
1.2;
whrle inflight-refuelling gear ts
also
fitted
as
standard,
be
carried for
defensive
purposes,
Dassault-Bregruet
Mirage
F.
ICR
(continued)
Strategic
and
Tactical
Recormaissance
ALcraft
maximum speed
at
ailtitude
2335
lcntt
(
I,450
mph)
or
Mach
2,2;
lerry
range
3300
lan
(2,050
miles)
Weights: empty7400 kg(16,314 lb);
maximum take-off
16200
kg
(35,7
15
Ib)
Dimensions:
span
8,40
m
(27 ft
63/a
in);
length
15,00
m
(49
fr
2r'2
in);
height
^
4.50
m
(14 ft 9
in);
wing
area
25,00
m'
(269.
I
sq
ft)
N
ow replacing
the
M
ir
age
I I
I s
of
the
33"
Escadre
a f
.S
tr
asbourg, the
Mirage
F
.
1
CR
can
carry external
reconnaissance pods
as
well
as
its
internal
cameras.
Aircraft
can
carry
second can
contain
a
pair
of
oblique
cameras
for
lowlevel
work or
a solit-
ary vertical
camera
best suited
for
photogrraphy
from
medium
altitudes.
This combination offers quite
compre-
Matra
Magic air-to-air
missiles
for
self-defence
and
this example
is
carrying practice
missiles.
Inllight-
refuelling equipment
is
standard.
fI ffi
I960s,
lfip'icnr
Jasruar
French and British aircraft with
regard
to avionics
fit,
taken
by
hvo
RAF
units (No.
2 Squad-
ron
at
Laarbruch
in
West Germany and
No,
4I
Squadron
at
Coltishall
in
the
Resr:lting from
a
collaborative
ventwe
behveen
France and the United King-
dom,
the SEPECAT
Jagnrar
is
primarily
a
single-seat strike/tactical support
air-
craft, and lt
is
only the
Royai
Au
Force
which
employs the
type
in the recon-
naissance
ro1e,
a
task
far
removed
Tactical
reconnaissance
ts
under-
hensive coverage, one particulariy
UK), each
equipped with
Jaguar
from
that
originally
env:saged when
development work began in
the
mid-
GR.Mk
I
machines
identical to
those
aircraft
assigned to
the
six squadrons
engaged in
strike
duties, For
the units'
useful
facility being
a
data conversion
unit
which
automatically annotates the
aircraft's position
on
the film, details
of
this
behg
obtained
from the
onboard
navigatron
computer. IRlinescan film
rs
simrlarly marked.
In
addition
to
serving wrth
France
each
rated
at
3647-kg
(8,0a0-b)
afterburning thrust
Performance: maximum speed at
altihrde
1700
kn/h
(1,055
mph)
or
Mach
1,6;
ferry
range
4205
lan
(2,614
miles)
Weights: empty
about
7000
kg
(15,432
lb);
(34 612
rb)
maximumtakeof
15700
kg
Dimensions:span8.69
m
(28
ft6
in);
iengrth
15,52
m
(50
ft
I
I
in);
heiqht
4.89
m
(16
ft072
rr);
wrngareaZ{.I$m'
(260.27
sq
ft)
for an advanced
trainer
aircraft
whilst
France
was on the
look-out
for
an
inex-
pensive
strike
arrcraft, and
it
seemed
for a tlrne that both of
these
requlre-
ments could
be
satisfied
by
a
single
desigm,
In the event, the
Jagn:ar
meta-
At
that
time, the
UK was searching
designated
reconnaissance role,
however,
thelr
Jaquars
each
carry
a
Iargte
pod
on
the
centreline
stores sta-
tion, containing cameras and
infra-red
linescan equrpment,
Reconnaissance
cameras are located in
a
palr
of rotat-
ing drums within
the
pod,
swivelling
to
expose the
camera ports during photo-
and
the
United Kingdom, strike ver-
sions of the Jaguar halre
been
supplied
to India, Oman and Ecuador, the latest
order
coming from
Nigeria,
JagruarGR.Mk
I
.
Type:
single-seat
tactlcal
laguarGR.Mk
Isflyinthe
Specification
reconnajssance
role with
No.
2
Sqn
in
Germany,
carrying
a
pod
under the
morphosed
into
a
somewhat more
sophisticated machine than
either
na-
tion originally
planned, and
there
are
signifrcant
differences between
the
sraphy,
T\ro
side-mounted
and
one
forward-looking
camera
are
Posi-
tioned in
the
forward drum whilst
the
reconnaissance/stnke
fl
ghter
Powerplant: two Rolls-Royce/
T\rrbom6ca Adour
Mk
lO4
turbofans
fuselage containing catnerasand
infr
a-
red
equipment.
These
form
RAFG's
tactical reconnaissance
element
and
will
eventually
be
replaced
byTomados.

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika:

Zgłoś jeśli naruszono regulamin