ccnp_switching_studyguide.pdf

(1815 KB) Pobierz
CCNP Switching Study Guide v2.01 – Aaron Balchunas
1
___________________________________________
Cisco CCNP Switching Study Guide
v2.01
© 2014
________________________________________________
Aaron Balchunas
aaron@routeralley.com
http://www.routeralley.com
________________________________________________
Foreword:
This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNP
certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is
not
a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNP
Switching exam, nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
This document is freely given, and can be freely distributed. However, the
contents of this document
cannot
be altered, without my written consent.
Nor can this document be sold or published without my expressed consent.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in
your studies.
________________________________________________
***
All original material copyright © 2014 by
Aaron Balchunas (aaron@routeralley.com),
unless otherwise noted. All other material copyright © of their respective owners.
This material may be copied and used freely, but may not be altered or sold without the expressed written
consent of the owner of the above copyright. Updated material may be found at
http://www.routeralley.com.
CCNP Switching Study Guide v2.01 – Aaron Balchunas
2
Table of Contents
Part I – General Switching Concepts
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Part II – Switch Configuration
Section 5
Section 6
The Cisco IOS
Switch Port Configuration
Ethernet Technologies
Hubs vs. Switches vs. Routers
Switching Architectures
Switching Tables
Part III – Switching Protocols and Functions
Section 7
Section 8
Section 9
Section 10
Section 11
VLANs and VTP
EtherChannel
Spanning-Tree Protocol
Multilayer Switching
SPAN
Part IV– Advanced Switch Services
Section 12
Part V – Switch Security
Section 13
Part VI – QoS
Section 14
Section 15
Section 16
Section 17
Introduction to Quality of Service
QoS Classification and Marking
QoS Queuing
QoS Congestion Avoidance
Switch Port and VLAN Security
Redundancy and Load Balancing
***
All original material copyright © 2014 by
Aaron Balchunas (aaron@routeralley.com),
unless otherwise noted. All other material copyright © of their respective owners.
This material may be copied and used freely, but may not be altered or sold without the expressed written
consent of the owner of the above copyright. Updated material may be found at
http://www.routeralley.com.
CCNP Switching Study Guide v2.01 – Aaron Balchunas
3
________________________________________________
Part I
General Switching Concepts
________________________________________________
***
All original material copyright © 2014 by
Aaron Balchunas (aaron@routeralley.com),
unless otherwise noted. All other material copyright © of their respective owners.
This material may be copied and used freely, but may not be altered or sold without the expressed written
consent of the owner of the above copyright. Updated material may be found at
http://www.routeralley.com.
CCNP Switching Study Guide v2.01 – Aaron Balchunas
4
Section 1
- Ethernet Technologies -
What is Ethernet?
Ethernet
is a family of technologies that provides data-link and physical
specifications for controlling access to a shared network medium. It has
emerged as the dominant technology used in LAN networking.
Ethernet was originally developed by Xerox in the 1970s, and operated at
2.94Mbps. The technology was standardized as
Ethernet Version 1
by a
consortium of three companies - DEC, Intel, and Xerox, collectively referred
to as
DIX -
and further refined as
Ethernet II
in 1982.
In the mid 1980s, the
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
(IEEE)
published a formal standard for Ethernet, defined as the
IEEE 802.3
standard. The original 802.3 Ethernet operated at 10Mbps, and successfully
supplanted competing LAN technologies, such as Token Ring.
Ethernet has several benefits over other LAN technologies:
•
Simple to install and manage
•
Inexpensive
•
Flexible and scalable
•
Easy to interoperate between vendors
(References:
http://docwiki.cisco.com/wiki/Ethernet_Technologies; http://www.techfest.com/networking/lan/ethernet1.htm)
Ethernet Cabling Types
Ethernet can be deployed over three types of cabling:
•
Coaxial
cabling –
almost entirely deprecated in Ethernet networking
•
Twisted-pair
cabling
•
Fiber optic
cabling
Coaxial cable,
often abbreviated as
coax,
consists of a single wire
surrounded by insulation, a metallic shield, and a plastic sheath. The shield
helps protect against
electromagnetic interference (EMI),
which can cause
attenuation,
a reduction of the strength and quality of a signal. EMI can be
generated by a variety of sources, such as florescent light ballasts,
microwaves, cell phones, and radio transmitters.
Coax is commonly used to deploy cable television to homes and businesses.
***
All original material copyright © 2014 by
Aaron Balchunas (aaron@routeralley.com),
unless otherwise noted. All other material copyright © of their respective owners.
This material may be copied and used freely, but may not be altered or sold without the expressed written
consent of the owner of the above copyright. Updated material may be found at
http://www.routeralley.com.
CCNP Switching Study Guide v2.01 – Aaron Balchunas
5
Ethernet Cabling Types (continued)
Two types of coax were used historically in Ethernet networks:
•
Thinnet
•
Thicknet
Thicknet
has a wider diameter and more shielding, which supports greater
distances. However, it is less flexible than the smaller
thinnet,
and thus more
difficult to work with. A
vampire tap
is used to physically connect devices
to thicknet, while a
BNC
connector is used for thinnet.
Twisted-pair cable
consists of two or four pairs of copper wires in a plastic
sheath. Wires in a pair
twist
around each other to reduce
crosstalk,
a form of
EMI that occurs when the signal from one wire
bleeds
or
interferes
with a
signal on another wire. Twisted-pair is the most common Ethernet cable.
Twisted-pair cabling can be either
shielded
or
unshielded.
Shielded twisted-
pair is more resistant to external EMI; however, all forms of twisted-pair
suffer from greater signal attenuation than coax cable.
There are several
categories
of twisted-pair cable, identified by the number
of
twists per inch
of the copper pairs:
•
Category 3
or
Cat3
-
three twists per inch.
•
Cat5
- five twists per inch.
•
Cat5e
- five twists per inch; pairs are also twisted around each other.
•
Cat6 –
six twists per inch, with improved insulation.
An
RJ45
connector is used to connect a device to a twisted-pair cable. The
layout
of the wires in the connector dictates the function of the cable.
While coax and twisted-pair cabling carry
electronic
signals,
fiber optics
uses
light
to transmit a signal. Ethernet supports two fiber specifications:
•
Singlemode fiber
– consists of a very small glass
core,
allowing only
a single ray or
mode
of light to travel across it. This greatly reduces
the attenuation and dispersion of the light signal, supporting high
bandwidth over
very
long distances, often measured in kilometers.
•
Multimode fiber
– consists of a larger core, allowing multiple modes
of light to traverse it. Multimode suffers from greater dispersion than
singlemode, resulting in shorter supported distances.
Singlemode fiber requires more
precise
electronics than multimode, and thus
is significantly more
expensive.
Multimode fiber is often used for high-speed
connectivity within a datacenter.
***
All original material copyright © 2014 by
Aaron Balchunas (aaron@routeralley.com),
unless otherwise noted. All other material copyright © of their respective owners.
This material may be copied and used freely, but may not be altered or sold without the expressed written
consent of the owner of the above copyright. Updated material may be found at
http://www.routeralley.com.

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika:

Zgłoś jeśli naruszono regulamin