c64-programmers_reference_guide-07-appendices.pdf

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APPENDIX A
ABBREVIATIONS FOR
BASIC KEYWORDS
As a time-saver when typing in programs and commands, Commo-
dore 64.BASIC allows the user to abbreviate' most keywords. The ab-
breviation for PRINT is a question mark. The abbreviations for' other
'words are made by typing the first one or two letters of the word, fol-
lowed by the SHIFTed next letter of the word. If the abbreviations are
used in a program line; the keyword will LISTin the full form.
Com-
mand
AI3S
AND
Abbrevi-
ation
AEmiB
Looks
like
this on
Com-
mand
screen
A
Abbrevi-
ation
Looks like
this on
screen
[I]
END
EX?
EEmiN
EImiIX
NONE
F BID 0
F EDIIiI.R
G BID E
NONE'
GO
E
E
0
0
AEmiN
AEmiS
A EmIT
c BIIiI H
ASC
ATN
CHR$
AIZI
A
AD
C[]]
CLO
FN
FOR
FRE
GET
FN
F
F
bj
CLOSE CLBIIiI 0
CLR
C BIIiI L
CMD
C
GEl
GET#
cD
cIS]
C,D
COS
GET#
GOSUB
GOTO
IF
INPUT
INPUT#
INT
BIIiI
M
BID
S
GO
GO
IF
INPUT
I .IZI
INT
CONT
COS
DATA
DEF
DIM
374
clDDo
NONE
DBIIIIA
D
G.O
NONE
NONE
DI!!
E
BIIiI
DEI
DrLJ
IBIIiIN
NONE
D BIIiII
. APPENDIX
A
Com-
mand
LEFT$
Abbrevi-
ation
LE
Looks
like
this on
Com-
mand
screen
F
Abbrevi-
ation
Looks like
this on
screen
lID
LEQ
LEN
RIGHT$
R
11IIII
I
RND
RUN
SAVE
SGN
SIN
SPC(
SQR
REDID N
R
RIZJ
LEN
LET
LIST
LOAD
LOG
MID$
NEW
NEXT
.NOT
ON
.OPEN
OR
. NONE
L IDIID E
LEJ
REmI
u
LBID'
L IDIID 0
NONE
MBID
NONE
I
L
LO
LOG
SIIIIiIA
5 BID
5 BID
5 BID
5
R[£I
S
S[]
51:\]
G
I
P
Q
MEJ
NEW
IDIID
sO
sI8J
ST
STB
S[]
STQ
NIDIIDE
N
N.EI
NO
ON
STATUS ST
STEP
STOP
STR$
SYS
STIDIID E
s.1DIID T
STBID
5
R
11IIII
0
NONE
o IDIID P
NONE
P
11IIII
E
00
OR
BID
Y
s[]
T
TAN
PEEK
POKE
POS
PEl
pO
POS
ITAB(
I
THEN
TAN
TEDID A
NONE
T
p.1IIIII 0
NONE
BID
H
TO
TI
TI$
PRINT
?
?
TIME
TlME$
TI
TI$
PRINT# pBllDR
READ
R.IIIIII
E
PbJ
REI
REM
USR
VAL
VERIFY
uBlDs
vEDlDA
U
V
REM
NONE
RESTORE
REIIIIII 5
RETURNRE
lID T
RE
RE[]
VBlDE
vEl
W
WAIT
WIIIIIIA
APPENDIX A
375
APPENDIX
B
SCREEN
DISPLAY CODES
The
following
chart
lists all of the characters built into the Commodore
64 character sets. It shows which numbers should be POKEd into screen
memory (locations 1024-2023) to get a desired character. Also shown is
which character corresponds to a number PEEKed from the screen.
Two character sets are available, but only one set at a time. This
means that you cannot have characters from one set on the screen at
the same time you have characters from the other set displayed. The
keys simul-
sets are switched by holding down the EDIIiI and
taneously.
From
BASIC, POKE 53272,21
will switch to upper case mode and
POKE 53272,23 switches to lower case.
Any number on the chart may also be displayed in REVERSE.The
reverse character code may be obtained by adding 128 to the values
shown.
If you want to display a solid circle at location 1504, POKE the code
for the circle (81) into location 1504:
POKE
.1504,81.
There is a corresponding memory location to control the color of each
character displayed on the screen (locations 55296-56295). To change
the color of the circle to yellow (color code 7) you would
POKEthe
corre-
sponding memory location (55776) with the character color:
POKE
55776,7.
Refer
to Appendix Dfor the complete screen and color memory maps,
along with color codes.
[t
NOTE: The following POKEs display the same symbol in set 1 and 2: 1, 27-64,
91-93,96-104,
106-121, 123-127.
SCREEN
SET 1
@
A
B
376
a
b
SET2
CODES
POKE
I
SET 1
0
1
2
C
D
E
SET2
c
d
e
POKE
3
4
5
SET 1
F
G
H
SET2
f
9
h
POKE
6
7
8
APPENDIX
B
SET 1
SET 2
POKE
SET 1
SET 2
POKE
SET 1
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
SET2
POKE
I
J
i
j
9
10
%
&
I
A
65
m
B
C
D
66
67
68
69
70
K
L
M
N
0
k
I
m
n
0
11
12
13
14
15
B
EJ
(
)
*
+
.
E
bJ
F
D
G
H
71
72
P
Q
P
q
16
17
[J]
&J
EJ
-
I
0
1
2
3
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
I
J
K
L
M
N
73
74
75
76
77
78
R
S
T
U
V
W
r
s
t
u
v
w
18
19
20
21
22
23
0
(SJ
IZJ
X
Y
Z
[
£
x
Y
z
24
25
26
27
28
4
5
6
7
8
52
53
54
55
56
0
0
.
bJ
D
Cd
0
P
Q
R
79
80
81
82
83
S
T
U
V
W
X
[]
Y
Z
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
..
t
+-
#
$
]
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
I
36
I
9
57
58
59
.
C
[l]
EI3
<
=
60
61
62
63
64
>
?
B
APPENDIX
B
377

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