Ultrafast Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy.pdf

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Ultrafast Infrared
and Raman
Spectroscopy
edited by
M. D. Fayer
Stanford University
Stanford, California
Marcel Dekker, Inc.
TM
New York
•
Basel
Copyright © 2001 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ISBN: 0-8247-0451-7
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Copyright
2001 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
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Current printing (last digit):
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PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Copyright © 2001 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
PRACTICAL SPECTROSCOPY
A SERIES
1. Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy (in three parts),
edited by Edward G.
Brame, Jr., and Jeanette G. Grasselli
2. X-Ray Spectrometry,
edited by H. K. Herglotz and L. S. Birks
3. Mass Spectrometry (in two parts),
edited by Charles Merritt, Jr., and Charles
N. McEwen
4. Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Polymers,
H. W. Siesler and K.
Holland-Moritz
5. NMR Spectroscopy Techniques,
edited by Cecil Dybowski and Robert L.
Lichter
6. Infrared Microspectroscopy: Theory and Applications,
edited by Robert G.
Messerschmidt and Matthew A. Harthcock
7. Flow Injection Atomic Spectroscopy,
edited by Jose Luis Burguera
8. Mass Spectrometry of Biological Materials,
edited by Charles N. McEwen
and Barbara S. Larsen
9. Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry,
László Prókai
10. Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Its Ap-
plications,
Robert White
11. Modern NMR Techniques and Their Application in Chemistry,
edited by
Alexander I. Popov and Klaas Hallenga
12. Luminescence Techniques in Chemical and Biochemical Analysis,
edited by
Willy R. G. Baeyens, Denis De Keukeleire, and Katherine Korkidis
13. Handbook of Near-Infrared Analysis,
edited by Donald A. Burns and Emil W.
Ciurczak
14. Handbook of X-Ray Spectrometry: Methods and Techniques,
edited by René
E. Van Grieken and Andrzej A. Markowicz
15. Internal Reflection Spectroscopy: Theory and Applications,
edited by Francis
M. Mirabella, Jr.
16. Microscopic and Spectroscopic Imaging of the Chemical State,
edited by
Michael D. Morris
17. Mathematical Analysis of Spectral Orthogonality,
John H. Kalivas and Patrick
M. Lang
18. Laser Spectroscopy: Techniques and Applications,
E. Roland Menzel
19. Practical Guide to Infrared Microspectroscopy,
edited by Howard J. Humecki
20. Quantitative X-ray Spectrometry: Second Edition,
Ron Jenkins, R. W. Gould,
and Dale Gedcke
21. NMR Spectroscopy Techniques: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded,
edited by Martha D. Bruch
22. Spectrophotometric Reactions,
Irena Nemcova, Ludmila Cermakova, and Jiri
Gasparic
23. Inorganic Mass Spectrometry: Fundamentals and Applications,
edited by
Christopher M. Barshick, Douglas C. Duckworth, and David H. Smith
24. Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Biological Materials,
edited by Hans-
Ulrich Gremlich and Bing Yan
25. Near-Infrared Applications in Biotechnology,
edited by Ramesh Raghava-
chari
26. Ultrafast Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy,
edited by M. D. Fayer
27. Handbook of Near-Infrared Analysis: Second Edition, Revised and Expand-
ed,
edited by Donald A. Burns and Emil W. Ciurczak
28. Handbook of Raman Spectroscopy: From the Research Laboratory to the
Process Line,
edited by Ian R. Lewis and Howell G. M. Edwards
29. Handbook of X-Ray Spectrometry: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded,
edited by
René E. Van Grieken and Andrzej A. Markowicz
30. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and UV Lasers,
edited by Prabhakar Misra and
Mark A. Dubinskii
31. Pharmaceutical and Medical Applications of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy,
Emil W. Ciurczak and James K. Drennen III
32. Applied Electrospray Mass Spectrometry,
edited by Birendra N. Pramanik, A.
K. Ganguly, and Michael L. Gross
ADDITIONAL VOLUMES IN PREPARATION
Preface
The field of ultrafast infrared and Raman spectroscopy is advancing at a
remarkable rate. New techniques and laser sources are making it possible
to investigate a wide range of problems in chemistry, physics, and biology,
using ultrafast time domain vibrational spectroscopy. Although the first
infrared measurements were made by Isaac Newton in the early 1700s, it is
only recently that an explosion of activity using ultrafast pulsed techniques
has moved vibrational spectroscopy along the path that magnetic resonance
spectroscopy followed almost from its inception.
Vibrational spectroscopy examines the internal mechanical degrees
of freedom of molecules and the external mechanical degrees of freedom
of condensed matter systems. It is the direct connection among vibra-
tional spectra, molecular structure, and intermolecular interactions that has
made vibrational spectroscopy an indispensable tool in the study of molec-
ular matter. In addition, most chemical, physical, and biological processes
are thermal. Such processes involve the time evolution of the mechanical
degrees of freedom of molecules on their ground electronic state potential
surfaces. This is the purview of vibrational spectroscopy. The advent of
ultrafast pulsed vibrational spectroscopy, using both resonant infrared and
Raman methods, is fundamentally changing the nature of the information
that can be obtained about condensed matter molecular materials. It is now
possible to examine the structural evolution of systems on the time scales
on which the important events are occurring.
All the powerful methods of magnetic resonance, from solid-state
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to medical magnetic resonance imaging,
depend on measuring the time evolution of a spin system following the
application of one or more radio frequency pulses. In the visible and ultra-
violet, ultrafast optical pulse sequences have been used for many years
to measure both population dynamics and coherence phenomena. At low
Copyright © 2001 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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