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Python
in a Nutshell
THE DEFINITIVE REFERENCE
Alex Martelli,
Anna Ravenscroft & Steve Holden
www.allitebooks.com
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www.allitebooks.com
PYTHON
IN A NUTSHELL
Third Edition
Alex Martelli, Anna Ravenscroft,
and Steve Holden
www.allitebooks.com
Python in a Nutshell
by Alex Martelli, Anna Ravenscroft, and Steve Holden
Copyright © 2017 Alex Martelli, Anna Martelli Ravenscroft, and Steve Holden. All rights
reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.
O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online
editions are also available for most titles (http://oreilly.com/safari). For more information, con‐
tact our corporate/institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or
corporate@oreilly.com.
Editor:
Dawn Schanafelt
Production Editor:
Kristen Brown
Copyeditor:
Kim Cofer
Proofreader:
Rachel Monaghan
April 2017:
Third Edition
Indexer:
Judith McConville
Interior Designer:
David Futato
Cover Designer:
Karen Montgomery
Illustrator:
Rebecca Demarest
Revision History for the Third Edition
2017-04-06:
First Release
See
http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449392925
for release details.
The O’Reilly logo is a registered trademark of O’Reilly Media, Inc.
Python in a Nutshell,
the
cover image, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc.
While the publisher and the authors have used good faith efforts to ensure that the informa‐
tion and instructions contained in this work are accurate, the publisher and the authors dis‐
claim all responsibility for errors or omissions, including without limitation responsibility for
damages resulting from the use of or reliance on this work. Use of the information and
instructions contained in this work is at your own risk. If any code samples or other technol‐
ogy this work contains or describes is subject to open source licenses or the intellectual prop‐
erty rights of others, it is your responsibility to ensure that your use thereof complies with
such licenses and/or rights.
978-1-449-39292-5
[LSI]
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Table of Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Part I.
Getting Started with Python
3
5
5
12
14
17
18
19
21
22
22
23
28
30
31
31
32
1. Introduction to Python. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The Python Language
The Python Standard Library and Extension Modules
Python Implementations
Python Development and Versions
Python Resources
Installation
Installing Python from Binaries
Installing Python from Source Code
Installing Jython
Installing IronPython
Installing PyPy
The python Program
Python Development Environments
Running Python Programs
The jython Interpreter
The IronPython Interpreter
The PyPy Interpreter
2. The Python Interpreter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
iii
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