Encyclopedia Britannica 1963 [07].pdf

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THE
UNIVERSITY
OF CHICAGO
The Encyclopadid Britannica
i
pzlblished with the editoridl advice ofthefartlhe.s
r
of
The University of Chicago and
of
a
committee of me7nber.r ofthe facalties
gf
Oxford,
Cambridge
and
and London zmiz~erfisities of
a
committee
at The Unizleerrity of Toronto
A
New Saw9
of
U n i ~ e Knowledge
~~d
Volume
7
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA,
INC.
W I L L I A M BENTON, PUBLISHER
CHICAGO
LONDON
TORONTO
GENEVA
SYDNEY
C
OPYRIGH
T
UNDER
INTERNAT~ONAL
GH
T
U
NION
C
OPYRI
PRINTED IN THE
U.
S.
A.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRl[TANNl[GA
Volume
7
The Christmas and hlichaelmas daisies are species of
Aster;
the
r ~ i t hshon-y rays, of the family Co~npositae
( q . ~ ' . ) .
oxeye daisy is
Chrysanthemzlnz leucanthemztnz,
a common meed:
The word is derived from the Anglo-Saxon and the Shasta daisy is
Chrysanthemum m a x i m u m ;
and the African
means "day's eye." The genus
Beilis
contains ten daisy is elther
drctotts
or
Cazania.
13.
perenrizs $oreple~zo,
the
of
species found in Europe and the Mediterranean re- double daisy, con~lsts dwarf showy. three- to four-inch plants.
gion. The common daisy.
B . pere?z~zis,
is much cultivated in the flonering freely in spring
~f
grown in rich light soil.
Among the varieties of
B
perennzs
in the L'nited States are
United States as a summer bedding plant, especially in some of its
finer forms with pink. \T-hite,red or quilled rays. I t is the only Double-Qullled. Longfellow and the Bride. all widely planted in
city parks. These are not frost hardy over much of S o r t h
representative of the genus in t
America ahd are grown as biennials. Seeds sonn the previous year
British Isles. I t is a perenni
are nintered over in the cold frame and planted out the following
abundant everywhere in pasture
spring. They do not tolerate great heat, but under proper condi-
lawns and on banks in Europe,
tions they blgom from late spring to frost.
(N.
T
R
.;
X.)
except in the most northerly re-
gions.
DAJABON,
formerly Libertador. a province in northwestern
The stem is short; the leave
Dominican Republic (area
344
sq mi.), occupies the foothills and
which are numerous and form
part of the Cordillera Central on the Haitian border. I t s main
rosette, are slightly hairy. obo-
products are bananas (along the AIassacre river). peanuts, rice,
vate-spatulate in shape. with
corn (maize) hides and skins. and hardwoods. The region was
rounded teeth on the margin in
5trongly disputed during the colonial struggles between Spain and
the upper part, and the rootstock
Dajabon city, the capital (pop [I9601 3.230). was
France
is creeping and of a brownish col-
founded between 1771 and 1776 but was abandoned during the
our. The flowers are to he found
IVar of Independence and resettled after the IVar of Restoration
in England from RIarch to S o -
(18651. The province was created in 1933 from Montecristi un-
vember and occasionally in the
der plans of development of the frontier regions; the name was
winter months. The heads of
changed to Dajabon in 1961. Pop 11960) 40
822.
( D .
R
D.)
flowers are solitary. the outer or
DAKAR,
the capital of the Republic of Senegal
( q
v
)
and
ray florets pink or white, the disk
S H A ~ A
one of the chief seaports on the nest African coast, is situated on
(CHRYSANTHEMUM
florets bright yello~v. The size
M
A
X I M
U
M
)
I
N
BL
O O
M
the southeastern slde of the Cape Yerde peninsula. the westernmost
and luxuriance of the plant are
extension of the African continent. I t lies between the Senegal
much aifected by the nature of the soil in which it grows, I t is and the Gambia, the t n o rivers by nrap of which the nestern
often a pest in English lawns. The cultivated varieties bear finely Sudan
n
as opened to European explorers, and is the ocean terminal
coloured flowers and make very effective borders for walks. \Vhat of the railroads nhich inherited most of the river-bcrne trade. I t s
is known as the "hen and chicken" daisy has the main head sur- position at a point m ~ d i ~ betneen Europe and both South Africa
ay
rounded by a brood of sometimes as many as ro or
1 2
small heads
;
and South America makes it a valuable port of call for ships and
i.e.,
proliferous. The ray florets curve inward and "close" the axplanes I t has one of the best harbours in n e s t Africa pro-
flower head in dull weather arid toward evening.
tected by the limestone cliffs of the cape and by a system of break-
In French the daisy is termed
la margrlerite,
and "herb mar- naters, and a big airfield a t Toff on the opposite side of the
garet" is stated to be an old English appellation for it. In Scot- peninsula Dakar's strategic position led to its development as a
land it is popularly called the gowan. and in 170rkshire it is the naval and air base I t hecame one of the most important capitals
bairnwort. or "flo~verbeloved by children,"
of the F r e n ~ h
overseas empire and even after the independence
AISY,
the name applied to many species of plants

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