Human-Brain-Function.pdf

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Authors
INTRODUCTION
R. S. J. Frackowiak
PA RT I
IMAGING NEUROSCIENCE—BRAIN SYSTEMS
SECTION ONE
SENSORY, MOTOR AND PLASTICITY
R. S. J. Frackowiak
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
R. E. Passingham, N. Ramnani, and J. B. Rowe
D. Corfield
A. Kleinschmidt
T. Griffiths and A. L. Giraud
D. McGonigle
N. Ward and R. S. J. Frackowiak
T. Good and R. S. J. Frackowiak
A. L. Giraud
SECTION TWO
VISION AND VISUAL PERCEPTION
S. Zeki
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
S. Zeki
S. Zeki
S. Zeki and K. Moutoussis
K. Moutoussis and S. Zeki
A. Bartels and S. Zeki
R. Perry
xi
xii
AUTHORS
SECTION THREE
HIGHER COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS
C. Frith
15.
16.
17.
18.
C. Frith, G. Rees, E. Macaluso, and S. Blakemore
C. Portas, P. Maquet, G. Rees, S. Blakemore, and C. Frith
J. Coull and C. Thiele
C. Frith, H. Gallagher, and E. Maguire
SECTION FOUR
EMOTION AND MEMORY
R. Dolan
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
J. Morris and R. Dolan
H. Critchley and R. Dolan
P. Vuilleumier, J. L. Armony, and R. J. Dolan
R. Elliott
R. N. A. Henson
R. N. A. Henson
P. Fletcher and R. N. A. Henson
SECTION FIVE
LANGUAGE AND SEMANTICS
C. Price
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
C. Price
U. Noppeney
C. Price
E. McCrory
A. Mechelli
PA RT T W O
IMAGING NEUROSCIENCE—THEORY AND ANALYSIS
31. K. Friston
AUTHORS
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SECTION ONE
COMPUTATIONAL NEUROANATOMY
J. Ashburner
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
J.
J.
J.
J.
J.
Ashburner
Ashburner
Ashburner
Ashburner
Ashburner
and
and
and
and
and
K.
K.
K.
K.
K.
Friston
Friston
Friston
Friston
Friston
SECTION TWO
MODELLING
W. Penny
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
S. Kiebel and A. Holmes
J. B. Poline, F. Kherif, and W. Penny
D. Glaser and K. Friston
R. Henson
D. Glaser, K. Friston, A. Mechelli, R. Turner, and C. Price
W. Penny and A. Holmes
W. Penny and K. Friston
SECTION THREE
INFERENCE
W. Penny
44.
45.
46.
47.
M. Brett, W. Penny, and S. Kiebel
K. Worsley
T. Nichols and A. Holmes
K. Friston and W. Penny
SECTION FOUR
FUNCTIONAL INTEGRATION
K. Friston
48. K. Friston
49. K. Friston and C. Büchel
50. L. Harrison and K. Friston
xiv
AUTHORS
51. K. Friston
52. K. Friston
53. K. Friston
POSTSCRIPT
A. Roepstorff
xiv
INTRODUCTION
It is almost a decade since the first edition of
Human Brain Function
was conceived and planned.
It was a unique book in that it tried to set out the thoughts and achievements of a school, or more
accurately a laboratory working in the field of functional and structural human neuroanatomy.
Historically, it marked the border between the application of tracer-based methods to brain
imaging, exemplified by the PET technique of local blood flow mapping, and the blood oxygen
level dependent (BOLD) technique based on magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The concept
of a ‘group’ book was comparatively unusual in the biosciences where the tradition of the
solitary scientist (often assisted by ‘juniors’) was still the dominant ethos. The evolution of
human brain mapping depended on much diverse expertise from mathematics and statistics,
through physics and biology to neurology, neuropsychiatry, and neuropsychology. The realisa-
tion of this dependence on the expertise of many individuals from many disciplines motivated
the principal investigators to create a laboratory environment that was collegiate, interactive,
collaborative, and also amicable. That laboratory emerged from the Medical Research Council’s
Cyclotron Unit and was incarnated in the then nascent Wellcome Trust funded Functional
Imaging Laboratory, known as The FIL. The first edition marked the emigration of that group
from the MRC CU to the FIL and represented the beginning of a new enterprise focussed on
understanding the functional and structural architecture of the human brain and methodological
developments that supported the achievement of that mission. The beginnings of statistical
parametric mapping (SPM) were already described, but the advances made possible by fMRI did
not make it into the first edition.
This second edition, like the previous one, is written exclusively by members of the FIL, past
and present and long-term collaborators. The chapters are knit together like a book rather than a
series of reviews. In that sense the book remains a ‘personal’ reflection on the state of our
knowledge of how human thinking, feeling, and action are instantiated in the brain. However, the
methodological advances of the last 6 years that include event-related fMRI, massive improve-
ments in image acquisition and pre-processing and an escape from the relative constraints of
classical inference are huge. These combined with a courageous, sometimes foolhardy wish to
attack interesting problems that include consciousness, free will, and feelings make it possible
that the book is becoming perhaps too big for its boots. We think this may be the last time we
can put together theory and application in a single volume, even though they would be focussed
by a common mission.
The book is now organised in sections, edited by each of The FIL’s Principal Investigators
who have promoted their component of the common programme. The theory and analysis
section edited by Karl Friston, abetted by John Ashburner and Will Penny, is entirely up to date
and gives readers an approachable and yet professional overview of all that is possible with
modern imaging of brain structure and function. The adoption of a common analytic approach
internationally, though sometimes in different guises, means that this section contains contrib-
utions from ‘honorary’ FIL members who have worked with Karl in the context of developing
and supporting SPM. Chris Frith tackles the roles of the frontal lobes including mechanisms for
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