World_of_Warships_-_2018-11_(002).pdf

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BATTLESHIPS - SUBMARINES - AIRCRAFT CARRIERS - DESTROYERS
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WORLD of WARSHIPS magazine
october 2018
Named after the Italian capital and the third ship to carry the name,
Roma
was
built as a result of increased global tension leading up to the Second World
War. She was the third of four planned Vittorio Veneto-class battleships although
only three were completed, and the last Italian capital ship. Completed in 1942,
Roma
was never operationally deployed and was eventually destroyed with
heavy loss of life by two German glider bombs while in the Mediterranean.
19
38
19
40
19
42
Roma’s
keel was laid down on 18 September.
Roma
was launched on 9 June.
She was commissioned in to the Regia Marina – the
Royal Navy of the Kingdom of Italy – on 14 June. In
1946, the Regia Marina became the Marina Militare
A Fritz X radio-controlled bomb, the type which
helped destroy the battleship. GFDL
The launch
of
Roma
on 9
June 1940.
3
WORLD of warships magazine
november 2018
SPECIFICATIONS
Roma
was 790ft long, 108ft wide and
had a draught of 31ft. She carried
80 officers and 1,850 enlisted men,
which when serving as a flagship, the
manpower increased by up to 200
officers.
Fully loaded,
Roma
weighed 45,485
tons.
19
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Along with her sister-ships,
Vittorio Veneto
and
Littorio,
Roma
was used to bolster the
anti-aircraft defence of various
Italian cities.
June:
Roma
was damaged
twice during her role as anti-
aircraft defence.
Admiral Carlo Bergamini on board
Roma.
July-August:
After repairs in
Genoa,
Roma
was deployed
as the flagship of the Italian
fleet captained by Admiral
Carlo Bergamini. The fleet
which included
Littorio
and
Vittorio,
was scheduled
to invade the Allied ships
approaching Salerno intent
on invading Italy on 9
September.
News of the 8 September
Armistice with the Allies,
bought the operation to a halt.
The Italian fleet was ordered to
sail to Sardinia and then on to
Malta to surrender to the Allies.
September:
While in the
Srait of Bonifacio, the Italian
ships were attacked by German
Dornier Do 217s armed with
Fritz X radio-controlled bombs.
Littorio
and
Roma
were hit,
Littorio
and
Vittorio Veneto
managed to escape to Malta
where they were interned.
Roma
was quite badly
damaged after the first attack,
causing flooding in two boiler
rooms and the aft engine room.
Arc-induced fires started in the
stern of the ship. Shortly after
the first attack,
Roma
was again
hit and the bomb detonated
within the forward engine
room.
Almost immediately after the
initial blast, the number two
15in turret was blown off the
ship by a huge explosion,
this time from the detonation
of that turret’s magazines.
This caused more extensive
flooding and
Roma
began to
capsize and sink. She broke
into two taking the crew down
with her.
History recounts that at the
time,
Roma
was carrying over
2,000 crew of which 1,393
were killed.
FIREPOWER
Roma
was equipped with 3x15in main
guns fitted in three triple-gunned
turrets, 4x6in secondary guns in
four triple-gunned turrets, 4x4.7in
illumination guns in single-gunned
turrets, 12x1.5in Anti-Aircraft guns in
single-gunned turrets, 20x1.5in guns
in eight twin-gunned turrets and four
single-gunned turrets and finally,
10x.79in Anti-Aircraft guns in twin-
gunned turrets.
Roma
was fitted with a catapult
and was equipped with either three
Reggiane Re.2000 fighter planes or
IMAM Ro.43 reconnaissance float
planes.
PROTECTION
Roma’s
armour, consisted of a main belt
that was 11in thick, and a secondary
layer of steel 2.8in thick. Her main deck
was protected by a layer of steel 6.4in
thick in the centre reducing to 1.8in
in less critical areas. The main battery
turrets and lower turret structure housed
in barbettes, all had 14in armour. While
the conning tower had 10in armoured
sides and the secondary turrets had
11in thick faces.
THE END
Italy surrendered from the Second
World War and signed an Armistice
with the Allies in September 1943.
The three active Veneto-class
battleships were transferred to Malta
before they were to be confined
in Alexandria. While on the way to
Malta, German bombers attacked the
fleet with Fritz X radio-guided bombs,
damaging
Italia
and sinking
Roma.
Despite the attack,
Italia
and
Vittorio
Veneto
survived and reached Malta
where they were interned.
20
12
Roma’s
remains were
discovered by the
underwater robot ‘Pluto
Palla’ 19 miles off the
northern coast of Sardinia,
lying at a depth of over
3,000ft. On 10 September
2012, a memorial
ceremony was held on an
Italian frigate over the spot
where
Roma
went down.
The sinking of battleship
Roma.
An Italian Navy picture of one of
Roma’s
cannons
found at the wreckage off the coast of Sardinia.
november 2018
WORLD of warships magazine
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