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Contents
I
J. C. Tamraz, Y. G. Comair
Atlas of Regional Anatomy of the Brain Using MRI
Softcover Edition
Contents
III
J. C. Tamraz, Y. G. Comair
Atlas of
Regional Anatomy
of the Brain
Using MRI
With Functional Correlations
Foreword by Hans Otto Lüders
With 458 Figures in 817 Separate Illustrations
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1234
IV
Contents
Jean C. Tamraz,
MD, PhD
Professor and Chairman
Department of Neuroradiology
Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital
Saint-Joseph University
Beirut, Lebanon
Youssef G. Comair,
MD, FRCSC
Professor and Chief
Division of Neurosurgery
American University of Beirut
Consultant Neurosurgeon
The Cleveland Clinic Foundation
44122 Cleveland, Ohio, USA
ISBN 3-540-27876-1 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
ISBN 978 3-540-27876-4 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Tamraz, J. C. (Jean Chucri), 1954-
Atlas of regional anatomy of the brain using MRI : with functional
correlations / J.C. Tamraz and Y.G. Comair.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 3540640991 (hardcover; alk. paper) ISBN 3540278761 (softcover; alk. paper)
1. Brain--Anatomy--Atlases. 2. Brain--Magnetic resonance imaging--Atlases. I.
Comair, Y. G. (Youssef G.)
[DNLM: 1. Brain--anatomy & histology--Atlases. 2. Magnetic Resonance
Imaging--Atlases. WL 17 T159a 2000]
QM455.T35 2000
611’.81’0222--dc21
99-044535
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the
material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
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banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions
of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for
use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under
the German Copyright Law.
Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media
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©
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000, 2006
Printed in Germany
The use of general descriptive names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even
in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective
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age and application contained in this book. In every case the user must check such information
by sonsulting the relevant literature.
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Printed on acid-free paper – 21/3151xq – 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
V
Foreword
The anatomical dissections of Mundini dei Luzzi in 1316, mark the beginning of
an era extending over more than 5 centuries in which the study of the brain was
limited, almost exclusive1y, to description of its gross anatomy derived from the
inspection of gross anatomical specimens. In the 19th century, new techniques
like histology and electrical stimu1ation were developed allowing the first cor-
relation studies of cortical anatomy and brain function. Shortly thereafter, the
development of recording techniques of evoked potentials and spontaneous brain
waves (EEG) further enhanced our understanding of brain function as a function
of its anatomical correlation. One major limitation of all these studies was that at
that time no technique was available to define the anatomy of the brain without
its direct visualization. In other words, precise anatomo-functional correlation
studies were only possible in experimental studies in animals, the unusual setting
of human craniotomies and by careful clinico-pathological studies. These last
studies also shed some light on the functions of structures that had been affected
by a pathological process, and in the late 19th century and early 20th century,
research efforts of clinical neuroscientists focused on anatomo-functional cor-
relation studies making brain anatomy one of their pillars. However, soon these
research techniques reached a limit and, progressively research efforts focused
on pathogenesis, therapeutics and the development of clinical diagnostic tech-
niques. Clinicians soon realized that precise knowledge of brain anatomy was not
necessarily an essential clinical tool and brain anatomy classes in neuroscience
curricula became only of secondary importance.
However, technological advances that had its beginnings in the early 1950’s
eventually lead to a reversal of this trend. A pioneer role in this development was
played by the French school lead of Talairach and Bancaud. Taking advantage of
newly developed imaging techniques, Talairach realized that angiography could
be used effectively to define “non-invasively” the sulcal anatomy of the brain. This
led to the development of the “Talairach Atlas”, which even today, can be applied
practically. Equally important, however, was the collaboration of Talairach with
Bancaud that established functional correlations of the anatomical studies of
Talairach. These pioneer studies of Talairach and Bancaud certainly led to signifi-
cant contributions of our understanding of human anatomy and its physiological
correlates. Unfortunately, the studies had only a limited impact in the general
clinical neurosciences since they were only applicable to a very selected number
of patients.
Recent neuroimaging developments, particularly high resolution MRI, pro-
vided the tools necessary to make detailed brain anatony available to all neu-
roscientist on a routine basis. This availability, and the expanded understand-
ing of human anatomo-neurophysiological correlates, has led to a resurgence of
the interest of clinical neurophysiologist in gross human brain anatomy and its
functional corre1ates.
Tamraz and Comair’s book on regional anatomy of the human brain using
MRI, is certainly a welcome addition that fulfills our growing need for books

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