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PATTON
A
NORMAN ROCKWELL’S STUDIO: BURNT TO THE GROUND
WWII
The War
•
The Home Front
•
The People
AMERICA IN
SINATRA SHOWDOWN
Ol’ Blue Eyes Stares Down
Racism in Gary, Indiana
HITLER
AND THE SECRET
ALPINE
FORT
Could A
Nazi Army
Hold Out There
For Years?
BOMBERS OVER DRESDEN
Why This Old German City Was Destined to Burn
10
$5.99
0
A
OUR 10th YEAR !
A
February 2015
Broadway or Bust
Would Wartime Americans Bother with Shows?
In Wisconsin, See WWII Relics Saved by Local GIs
74470 01971
8
02
Display until February 17, 2015
www.AmericaInWWII.com
WWII
The War
AM E RICA I N
•
The Home Front
•
The People
February 2015, Volume Ten, Number Five
16
24
32
FEATURES
8
HITLER’S SECRET UNDERGROUND FORTRESS
In a hidden stronghold high in the Alps, a last-chance Nazi army could hold out for years.
The idea delighted Hitler. It made the Allies sweat.
By Edward G. Longacre
16
DESTINED TO BURN
In the 1940s, the awesome power of heavy bombers intersected jaggedly with moral
questions about using that power. At that intersection sat Dresden.
By Brian John Murphy
24
THE SHOWS MUST GO ON!
...Or were Broadway’s bright lights more likely to attract enemy bombers
than people ready to spend money on singing and dancing?
By John E. Stanchak
32
FRANK SINATRA TAKES ON GARY, INDIANA
Ol’ Blue Eyes was fed up with prejudice. So when white Indianans boycotted their high
school for admitting African Americans, he hopped a plane for a face-to-face.
By Chuck Lyons
2015 ANNUAL WWII TRAVEL PLANNER
A
Special Advertising Section
A
Pages 37–43
departments
2
KILROY
3
V-MAIL
4
HOME FRONT: Norman Rockwell’s studio fire
5
PINUP: Doris Merrick
6
LANDINGS: A Monument to
America’s Ace of Aces
36
FLASHBACK
44
WAR STORIES
46
I WAS THERE: Trucking through Nazi Europe
56
BOOKS AND MEDIA
60
THEATER OF WAR:
Patton
62
78 RPM: “My Funny Valentine”
63
WWII EVENTS
64
GIs: He Was No Marksman, But…
COVER SHOT:
Adolf Hitler went from working-class whelp and failed art student to decorated veteran, revolutionary, published author,
head of Germany’s government, dictator, and war instigator. If he was capable of all that, maybe he really
had
built an alpine bastion
where he could hold out. An Allied army group veered off to search for it.
NATIONAL ARCHIVES
WWII
The War
AM E RICA I N
A
KILROY
WAS HERE
•
The Home Front
•
The People
PUBLISHER
January–February 2015 • Volume Ten • Number Five
www.AmericaInWWII.com
James P. Kushlan, publisher@americainwwii.com
EDITOR
Brian John Murphy (1949-2014)
S
OME
15
YEARS AGO
, when I was working as an editor for
Civil War Times
magazine,
I got a memorable phone call. The memorable part had little to do with the specific
content of the conversation. Basically, it was the editor of
The Sports Marketing Letter
on the line, and he loved history and wanted to write for us. What I remembered was
the voice, the breadth of knowledge behind it, the warmth, the wit. Working out the
details and signing a contract were academic. This guy a few states away in Fairfield,
Connecticut, was already as good as hired.
This guy was Brian John Murphy, and book reviewing was how he started with us.
His first review arrived with the number of words I asked for, full of lively narrative
and analysis, and on time—a jackpot of a trifecta for any editor anywhere. Then he
called me after the issue came out to make sure I’d hire him for the next one. I did.
And so on and so on. Soon he was writing feature articles for us too.
When we started up
America in WWII
10 years ago, Brian was one of the first phone
calls then-editor Jim Kushlan made. We needed good writing in our premier issue if we
had any hope of surviving to the second and beyond. And, oh yeah,
We have no money,
Brian, so could you give us the article yesterday and let us pay you sometime down the
road?
Lucky for us, he took that promising assignment. And if you’ve been reading this
magazine a while, you know that he took many other assignments over the years. He
wrote enough for us on the American advance toward Japan to fill a fairly comprehen-
sive book on the subject.
But you know from the headline here that this doesn’t end well. Just weeks after Brian
turned in the article on Dresden that you’ll find in this issue, he was gone. So here you
have his final article.
I’d say it’s appropriate that it’s about the controversial fire-bombing of Dresden. There
are times in this piece when I found myself breathing fast at the horrors Brian paints so
vividly. It reminded me of his piece on the atomic bombings in our August 2010 issue (he
wrote five articles in that special issue covering the war’s end!). I swear I needed oxygen
during that one, with image after sickening image passing fast before my mind’s eye.
Sometimes you have to make war, I imagine Brian saying, but it’s wrong to turn your
head away from the horror that comes with it. Robert E. Lee, witnessing the slaughter
that was the December 1862 Battle of Fredericksburg, said, “It is well war is so terrible,
or we should grow too fond of it.”
Thanks, Brian, for your important reminders of just how terrible it is. And thanks for
everything else too.
Carl Zebrowski, editor@americainwwii.com
ASSISTANT EDITOR
Eric Ethier
BOOKS AND MEDIA REVIEWS EDITOR
Allyson Patton
CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
Patrice Crowley • Robert Gabrick
Tom Huntington • Brian John Murphy • Joe Razes
ART & DESIGN DIRECTOR
Jeffrey L. King, jking@americainwwii.com
CARTOGRAPHER
David Deis, Dreamline Cartography
ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT
Megan McNaughton, admin@americainwwii.com
EDITORIAL INTERN
James George, edintern@americainwwii.com
EDITORIAL OFFICES
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717-564-0161 (phone) • 717-977-3908 (fax)
ADVERTISING
Sales Representative
Marsha Blessing
717-731-1405, mblessing@americainwwii.com
Ad Management
Megan McNaughton
717-564-0161, admaterials@americainwwii.com
CIRCULATION
Circulation and Marketing Director
Heidi Kushlan
717-564-0161, hkushlan@americainwwii.com
A Publication of 310 PUBLISHING, LLC
CEO
Heidi Kushlan
EDITORIAL DIRECTOR
James P. Kushlan
AMERICA IN WWII
(ISSN 1554-5296) is published
bimonthly by 310 Publishing LLC, 4711 Queen Avenue,
Suite 202, Harrisburg, PA 17109. Periodicals postage
paid at Harrisburg, PA.
SUBSCRIPTION RATE: One year (six issues) $29.95;
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IN WWII, P.O. BOX 421945, PALM COAST, FL 32142.
Copyright 2014 by 310 Publishing LLC. All rights
reserved. No part of this issue may be reproduced by any
means without prior written permission of the publisher.
Address letters, War Stories, and GIs correspondence to:
Editor,
AMERICA IN WWII,
4711 Queen Ave., Suite 202,
Harrisburg, PA 17109. Letters to the editor become the prop-
erty of
AMERICA IN WWII
and may be edited. Submission
of text and images for War Stories and GIs gives
AMERICA
IN WWII
the right to edit, publish, and republish them in any
form or medium. No unsolicited article manuscripts, please:
query first.
AMERICA IN WWII
does not endorse and is not
responsible for the content of advertisements, reviews,
or letters to the editor that appear herein.
© 2014 by 310 Publishing, LLC. All rights reserved.
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Carl Zebrowski
Editor,
America in WWII
A
V-MAIL
A BRUSH WITH WWII FAME
A
S A LITTLE KID
during the war, I peddled
papers in our small town, reading the war
news as I walked along. Among our
favorite war movies was
Wake Island
(1942), starring Brian Donlevy as marine
Captain James Devereux, the hero of the
film. Our great sadness was learning of
town boys who had died in service, includ-
ing a neighbor killed at Pearl Harbor. Our
great excitement was shooting toy guns at
the German POWs who marched by our
house from a nearby camp.
Some years later, I was an elevator oper-
ator in the Longworth House Office Build-
ing in Washington, DC, working my way
through college. One day, a man entered
my elevator and leaned against the wall. I
couldn’t help staring at him: James
Devereux, the hero of Wake Island, now a
Congressman from Maryland, standing
not four feet from me. Later, I got to meet
President Dwight Eisenhower, but nothing
jolted me like my encounter with James
Devereux.
L
ARRY
C
HABOT
Marquette, Michigan
BIG BAND DECRESCENDO
F
IRST
,
ALLOW ME TO THANK YOU
for many
hours of enjoyment while reading your fine
publication,
America in WWII.
I read it
cover to cover each issue. However, I think
you made a significant blunder in one of
your statements on page 62 of the October
2014 issue [78 RPM, “The Sinatra Survi-
vor,” by editor Carl Zebrowski]. In this
department, you have an interesting ac-
count of Frank Sinatra’s association with
the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra. But you
begin the final paragraph with the sentence
that reads, “The big band era was fading,
and by 1946 it was gone.” I have reason to
take issue with that sentence.
I’m 79 years young and had firsthand
experience of the big band era and the
transition to other forms of music during
the 1950s and to this day. I believe there is
a popular misconception about the so-
called “big band era.” To my knowledge,
the definition of this term has not been
properly explained. I tend to think of it as
meaning a group of musicians that number
10 or more playing a form of danceable
music. But whatever the definition, I have
firsthand knowledge as to whether it was
“gone.”
I attended college 1953–1959 and during
that time had occasion to dance or listen
live to the big band music of Woody
Herman, Glenn Miller (Ray McKinley
directing), Louis Armstrong, Ray Anthony,
Tex Beneke, Ralph Flanagan, Eddy
Howard, Duke Ellington, and Stan Kenton.
These big bands were seen at dances at
Peony Park in Omaha, the Omaha Civic
Auditorium (a concert), the Lincoln UNL
Coliseum, the Lincoln Turnpike Ballroom,
and Denver’s Elitch Gardens. All were
packed with large attendance. In addition, I
enjoyed Dave Brubeck at the University of
Nebraska Student Union and Elvis Presley
at the Omaha Civic Auditorium during the
1950s and other forms of music that were
evolving during that decade.
Big Band music during the 1950s was
anything but gone. I would aver that this
form of music did fade after 1946 in a grad-
ual way, but has never been “gone.” And it
can be found even today, although not pub-
licized as much, nor accepted very much.
W
AYNE
S
IMPSON
Lincoln, Nebraska
band era—the decade when the big band
was king—was 1946.
For reasons ranging from economics to
changes in public taste, big bands faded
with the wartime rise of solo vocalists such
as Frank Sinatra, who’d started their
careers with large ensembles and left to go
it on their own. As George T. Simon, editor
of the music magazine
Metronome
from
1939 to 1955, wrote of the genre’s demise
in his 1967 book
The Big Bands,
“Finally,
in December 1946, almost a dozen years
after Benny Goodman had blown the first
signs of life into the big band bubble, that
bubble burst with a concerted bang. Inside
of just a few weeks, eight of the nation’s top
bands broke up—Benny Goodman’s,
Woody Herman’s, Harry James’s, Tommy
Dorsey’s, Les Brown’s, Jack Teagarden’s,
Benny Carter’s and Ina Ray Hutton’s.”
IN PRAISE OF BRUTAL HONESTY
T
HE FIRST
-
PERSON ARTICLE
“Bad News Badly
Delivered” [by Nick Cariello, December
2014] is the finest brief account of a soldier
returning to “civvy street” that I can recall
ever seeing. My principal interest in
America in WWII
are narratives about the
home front, and this one is absolutely
superb. Mr. Cariello presents it with brutal
honesty, not sugar-coated, just as it actual-
ly happened. I felt as if I were really there,
sitting in the Cariello living room with his
sister Mary and mother Domenica when a
grief-stricken blond lady finally learns the
devastating truth about her missing son,
presumably killed during the invasion of
Tarawa. The evocative photos, especially
those of his own family, add to the realism
of this very human scene. Thank you, Mr.
Cariello, for a brilliantly written piece of
history that reads like a classic short story.
Thank you, too, for your courageous serv-
ice during the war.
R
ICHARD
V
EIT
Robinson, Texas
Editor’s response:
Mr. Simpson is correct
that big bands and their music were not
gone after 1946 and that they faded away
gradually. But if you’re going to put an end
date on an era, the end date for the big
Send us your comments and reactions—
especially the favorable ones! Mail them to
V-Mail, America in WWII, 4711 Queen Avenue,
Suite 202, Harrisburg, PA 17109, or e-mail
them to editor@americainwwii.com.
F E B R U A RY 2 0 1 5
AMERICA IN WWII
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